The rose rings parakeet ( Psittacula krameri ), also known as the parakeet-necked ring , is a medium-sized parrot in the genus Psittacula of the Psittacidae family and has a very wide range.
Parakeen rose roses are sexually dimorphic. Adult men sporting red and black neck rings and chicken birds and immature of both sexes either show no neck rings, or display pale like shadows to dark gray neck rings. Both sexes have a distinctive green color. Parakeet rose rings measuring an average of 40 cm (16 inches), including tail feathers, most of its total length. Their average single wing length is about 15 to 17.5 cm (5.9 to 6.9 inches). In the wild, this is a noisy species with clear jarring calls, and captive individuals can be taught to speak. These are herbivores and do not migrate.
One of the few species of cockatoos that have successfully adapted to living in disturbed habitats, has survived the onslaught of urbanization and deforestation. As a popular pet species, escaping birds have colonized numerous cities around the world, including Northern Europe and the West. This species is listed as the least noticed by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) because its population appears to be rising, but its popularity as a pet and the unpopularity of farmers has reduced in number in some parts of the region of origin.
The genus name Psittacula is a small Latin letter psittacus , "parrot", and a specific krameri commemorating Austrian naturalist Wilhelm Heinrich Kramer.
Video Rose-ringed parakeet
Distribution
Four subspecies are recognized, although they are slightly different:
- African subspecies:
- Parakeet of African rose rings ( P. kram krueri ): western Africa in Guinea, Senegal and southern Mauritania, east to Uganda west and south Sudan, Egypt. The inhabitants among the Nile valley and of course Giza, sometimes seen on the north coast and Sinai. African parakeets also began to breed in Israel in the 1980s and were considered invasive species.
- Parka red-legged Abyssinian ( P. k parvirostris ): northwestern Somalia, west of northern Ethiopia to Sennar district, Sudan
- Asian subspecies:
- The Indian rose rose Park ( P. k. manillensis ) originates from the southern Indian subcontinent and has wild and naturalized populations around the world. In Australia, Great Britain (especially around London), the United States, and other western countries, often referred to as Indian elephant parrots.
- Boreal parakeets riding the ring P. k. borealis ) are distributed in Bangladesh, Pakistan, northern India and Nepal to central Burma; introduced populations are found worldwide.
Indian subspecies are both larger than the subspecies of Africa.
Phylogeny
Phylogenetic analysis using DNA (see Psittacula ) shows that Mauritius parrot birds ( Psittacula echo ) are closely related to this species, and may need to be placed between Africans and Asians. subspecies. As a result, this species is paraphyletic.
Maps Rose-ringed parakeet
Ecology and behavior
Diet
In the wild, roses rose parakeets usually eat buds, fruits, vegetables, nuts, fruits, and grains. Wild flocks also fly several miles to feed on farms and orchards, causing widespread damage.
In India, they eat cereal grains, and during winter also in the pigeon peas. In Egypt during the spring, they eat mulberry and in the summer they eat dates and nest in the palm trees and eat from sunflower and corn fields.
In captivity, rose rose parakeets will take a variety of foods and can be fed a number of fruits, vegetables, pellets, seeds, and even small amounts of cooked bacon for protein. Oil, salt, chocolate, alcohol, and other preservatives should be avoided.
Reproduction
In the north-west of India, the parakeets of Indian roses form a couple from September to December. They have no life friends and often breed with other couples during the next breeding season. During this winter, they pick and maintain a nest site, thus avoiding competition for sites with other birds. Feeding on winter pea plants provides the nutrients the female needs for egg production. From April to June, they take care of their children. Fledgings is ready to leave the nest before the rainy season arrives.
Aviculture
Parakeets of roses are very popular as pets and they have a long history in aviculture. The ancient Greeks maintained the subspecies of India P. krameri manillensis , and the ancient Romans maintained the African subspecies P. krameri krameri . The color mutations of a subset of Indian roses have become widely available in recent years.
Mimicry
Both men and women have the ability to imitate human speech. First, the birds listen to the surroundings, and then copy the sound of the human speaker. Some people assemble parrots with roses for this purpose. Such parrots then become very tame and willing to learn.
Wild bird
Popular pets, rose ring parakeets have been released in various cities around the world, giving it an environment with some predators where preferred foods from seeds, beans, fruits, and berries are available from suburban parks and bird feeders.. Its adaptation to the winter at the foot of the Himalayas allowed it to easily withstand winter conditions in Europe. It has established wild populations in a number of European, South African and Japanese cities. There are also seemingly stable populations in the US (Florida, California and Hawaii) and small independent populations in Ankara (concentrated in parks), Tunis, Tripoli and Tehran (concentrated on the north side of the city). It is also found throughout Lebanon, Israel, UAE, Bahrain, Qatar, and Oman. A small number of escaping birds are in Australia.
The European population began to form in the mid-20th century. There is a widespread population of wild parrot birds in the United Kingdom centered around the outskirts of London and the Home Counties of South-East England. The parakeet numbers have been highest in southwest London, although the population has spread rapidly, and large flocks of birds can be observed in places such as Crystal Palace Park, Battersea Park, Richmond Park, Wimbledon Common, Greenwich Park, and Hampstead Heath, as well as Surrey and Berkshire. Wild parrots have also been observed in Abbey Wood, Bostall Heath, Bostall Woods, and Plumstead Common. The winter of 2006 has three separate roosts of about 6000 birds around London. Smaller populations occur around Margate, Broadstairs and Ramsgate, Kent. There are also populations established in East Sea London at Essex in Loughton and Theydon Bois by Epping Forest. Elsewhere in the UK, smaller wild populations have been formed over time (for example, at Sefton Park and Greenbank Park in Liverpool, Studland, Dorset, Kensington Gardens, and South Manchester). It has been suggested that wild parrots can harm the native bird population of England, and that rose roses can even be destroyed as a result. Major agricultural pests at locations such as India, in 2011 parakeet populations rose in rapidly growing rings, but were generally confined to urban areas in southern England.
The European-wide count is held in 2015 and found 85,220 Rose-ring parakeets in 10 European countries.
In the Netherlands, wild populations in the four largest urban areas (Amsterdam, Rotterdam, Utrecht and especially in The Hague) are estimated at 10,000 birds by 2010, almost double the number of birds estimated in 2004. There are also wild populations in Belgium, 5,000 pairs is estimated in Brussels. It comes from an indigenous population that was released in 1974 by the owner of the Meli Zoo and the Attractiveness Park near the Atomium who wanted to make Brussels more colorful. In Germany, these birds are found along the Rhine in all major urban areas such as Cologne, DÃÆ'¼sseldorf (about 800 birds), Bonn, Ludwigshafen, Heidelberg and Speyer, Wiesbaden and Mainz, and Worms. Other populations are found around Paris, Rome - especially in the Palatine Hill park, Trastevere and Janiculum trees and at Villa Borghese, the Orto Botanico at Palermo in Palermo, in Genoa, in Barcelona and in Lisbon.
Specimens in this naturalized population often represent intra-specific hybrids, originally between varying amounts (according to locality) of subspecies manillensis , borealis , and/or (to more low as far as) krameri along with some inter-specific hybrids with naturalization Psittacula eupatria (Alexandrine parakeet).
Where it is introduced, rose ring parakeets can affect native biodiversity and human economy and health.
In the United Kingdom and especially in London, parkit faces predation by native birds of prey and owl, including Peregrine eagle ( Falco peregrinus ), Eurasian hobby ( F. Subbuteo ) and Tawny owl ( Strix aluco ).
There is a wild bird population in Japan. In the 1960s many Japanese became pet owners for the first time and the parakeets were widely imported as pets. Some escaped or freed and formed populations across the country. In the 1980s groups can be found in Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Niigata and Kyushu. Several groups have since died, but in 2009 there was a large population living on the main campus of Tokyo Institute of Technology in Ookayama, along with small groups in Maebashi and Chiba city.
References
External links
- The Species Text - South African Bird Atlas
- Photos - Oriental Bird Pictures
- Videos, photos and sound - Bird Bird Collection
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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