Since the discovery of ionizing radiation, a number of human radiation trials have been conducted to understand the effects of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination on the human body, especially with plutonium elements.
Video Human radiation experiments
Experiments conducted in the United States
Many human radiation experiments have been conducted in the United States, many of which are funded by various US government agencies such as the US Department of Defense, the United States Atomic Energy Commission, and the United States Public Health Service. Experiments include:
- feeding radioactive material for mentally disabled children
- ask the doctor to provide radioactive iron to poor pregnant women
- expose soldiers and US prisoners to high radiation levels
- irradiates the testes of the prisoner, which causes severe birth defects
- digging bodies from graves to test them for radiation (without the consent of the deceased's family)
On January 15, 1994, President Bill Clinton formed an Advisory Committee for Human Radiation Experiments (ACHRE), chaired by Ruth Faden, Ph.D., MPH of the Johns Hopkins Berman Bioethics Institute. One of the major motivating factors behind his decision to create ACHRE was the action taken by the newly appointed Secretary of Energy, Hazel O'Leary, JD. One of his first actions in taking control of the Department of Energy was to announce a new openness policy to the Department. The policy immediately led to the release of more than 1.6 million pages of secret records. The record explains that since 1940 the Atomic Energy Commission has sponsored tests on the effects of radiation on the human body. Americans who have checked into hospitals for various diseases are secretly injected with various amounts of plutonium and other radioactive material without their knowledge. Ebb Cade is a participant who does not want to be involved in a medical experiment involving the injection of 4.7 micrograms of Plutonium on April 10, 1945 in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. This trial was under the supervision of Harold Hodge. Most patients think it's "just another shot," but secret research leaves enough radioactive material in many patients to induce a life-threatening condition. Such experiments are not confined to hospital patients, but include other populations as mentioned above, for example, orphans feed on irradiated milk, children injected with radioactive material, prisoners in Washington and Oregon state prisons. Most experiments were conducted to assess how the human body metabolizes the radioactive material, information that the Department of Energy and Defense can use in Cold War defense/attack planning.
The final report of ACHRE is also a factor in the Department of Energy establishing the Office of Human Radiation Experiments (OHRE) which guarantees the publication of DOE involvement (by its predecessor, AEC) in Cold War radiation research and experiments on human subjects. The final report issued by ACHRE can be found on the Department of Energy website.
Maps Human radiation experiments
USSR
The Soviet nuclear program involved large-scale human experiments, including mainly the Totskoye nuclear exercise of 1954 and experiments conducted at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (1949-1989). In 1950, there were about 700,000 participants at various levels of the program, half of whom were Gulag prisoners used for radioactivity experiments, as well as radioactive ore extraction. Information on the scale, condition and shutting down of people involved in the program is still kept secret by the Russian government and Rosatom agencies.
Other countries
In the Marshall Islands, indigenous people and crew members of the fishing vessel Lucky Dragon No. 5 was exposed to high radioactive test results during the Castle Bravo explosion conducted at Bikini Atoll. The researchers then exploited this seemingly unexpected event by conducting research into the effects of radiation poisoning as part of Project 4.1, raising ethical questions about specific incidents and wider testing phenomena in populated areas.
Similarly, Venezuelan geneticist Marcel Roche was involved in the publication of Patrick Tierney in 2000, Darkness in El Dorado, for allegedly giving radioactive iodine to indigenous peoples in the Orinoco valley in Venezuela, such as Yanomami and Ye'Kwana communities, working with the US Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), possibly without any real benefit to the test group and without obtaining proper informed consent. It deals with the administration of iodine-124 by French anthropologist Jacques Lizot in collaboration with the French Atomic Energy Commission (CEA).
See also
- Unethical human experiments in the United States
- Project SUNSHINE
- Nuclear accident and radiation
- Radiation poisoning
- Radioactive contamination
- Human experiments
- Totskoye range nuclear test
- Walter E. Fernald State School
- James M. Gates Jr.
Notes and references
Further reading
- Killing Alone: ​​Disaster of the American experience with atomic radiation , by Harvey Wasserman, Delacorte Press, c1992, ISBN 978-0-440-04567-0
- Care: The Stories of Those Dead in the Cincinnati Radiation Test , by Martha Stephens, Duke University Press, c2002, Durham, NC, ISBN 0-8223-2811-9
- Bravo for Marshall: Gaining Control in the Post-Nuclear, Post-Colonial World, by Holly M. Barker, Wadsworth, 2004. ISBNÃ, 0-534-61326-8
- The Chairman's Perspective on the Work of the Ruth Faden Experimental Advisory Expert Committee
External links
- SUNSHINE PROJECT AND SLOPE SLIPPERY
- The nuclear bodysnatchers
- Tomb of injustice
- "A Little of the Buchenwald Touch": American Secret Radiation Experiment
- Cheryl Welsh, Banning non-consensual human experiments now The Atomic Science Bulletin, June 16, 2009.
- Embassy of the Republic of Marshall
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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