In the Christian Gospel, Jesus' ministry begins with his baptism in the Roman countryside of Judea and Transjordan, near the Jordan River, and ends in Jerusalem, after the Last Supper with his disciples. The Gospel of Luke ( Luke 3:23 ) states that Jesus was "about 30 years old" at the beginning of his ministry. The chronology of Jesus usually has a date of commencement of ministry that is estimated to be around the year 27-29 and ends in the range 30-36 M.
The early Galilean ministry of Jesus began when after his baptism he returned to Galilee from the time he was in the wilderness of Judea. In this early period he preached around Galilee and recruited his first disciples who began traveling with him and eventually formed the core of the early Church as it was believed that the Apostles spread from Jerusalem to find Apostolic Seeing. The main ministry of the Galileans beginning at Matthew 8 includes the preparation of the Twelve Apostles, and includes most of Jesus' ministry in Galilee. The Galileans' last ministry began after the death of John the Baptist as Jesus prepared to go to Jerusalem.
In the later ministry of Judea Jesus began his final journey to Jerusalem through Judea. When Jesus traveled to Jerusalem, in the later Perean ministry, about a third of the way down from the Sea of ​​Galilee (actually a freshwater lake) along the Jordan River, he returned to the area where he was baptized.
The last ministry in Jerusalem is sometimes called the Passion Week and begins with the entry of Jesus to Jerusalem. The Gospels provide more details about the last ministry than any other period, devoting about a third of their text until the last week of Jesus' life in Jerusalem.
Video Ministry of Jesus
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The Gospel record places the beginning of Jesus' ministry in the Roman countryside of Judea, near the Jordan River.
The gospels present the ministry of John the Baptist as a precursor of Jesus 'ministry and the baptism of Jesus as a sign of the beginning of Jesus' ministry, after which Jesus traveled, preached and performed miracles.
The baptism of Jesus is generally regarded as the beginning of his ministry and the Last Supper with his disciples in Jerusalem as the end. However, some authors also consider the period between the Resurrection and the Ascension section of Jesus' ministry.
Luke 3:23 declares that Jesus is "about 30 years old" at the beginning of his ministry. There are various approaches to estimate the date of the commencement of Jesus' ministry. One approach, based on an amalgamation of information from the Gospel of Luke with historical data of Tiberius Emperor, dates from about 28-29 AD/CE, while a second independent approach based on statements in the Gospel of John along with the historical information from Josephus about the Temple in Jerusalem leads around AD 27-29.
In the New Testament, the date of the Last Supper is very close to the date of the crucifixion of Jesus (hence its name). Scientific estimates for crucifixion dates generally fall within the range of 30-36 AD.
The three Synoptic Gospels refer only to one Passover, especially Easter at the end of Jesus' ministry when he was crucified. The Gospel of John refers to two actual passages, one at the beginning of Jesus 'ministry and the second at the end of Jesus' ministry. There is a third reference to Easter that many claims are the third real festival, but this can not be supported, it is more likely to be forecasting of the second Passover in John's Gospel. The third reference to Passover in the Gospel of John is why many claim that Jesus' ministry is a period of about three years. Scholars who support the three-year ministry, such as KÃÆ'¶stenberger, claim that the Gospel of John only gives more detailed accounts.
During the ministry of Jesus, the ruler of the region over Galilee and Perea during this period was Herod Antipas, who gained a position on the division of territory after the death of Herod the Great in 4 BC.
Maps Ministry of Jesus
Baptism and initial service
The gospels present the ministry of John the Baptist as the forerunner of Jesus and the Baptism of Jesus as a sign of the beginning of Jesus' ministry.
In his sermon at Acts 10: 37-38 , delivered at Cornelius's house, the Apostle Peter gives an illustration of Jesus' ministry, and refers to what happened "throughout Judea, the beginning of Galilee, after the baptism preached by John "and that Jesus" God anointed with the Holy Spirit and with power "has gone about" doing good. "
John 1:28 determines the location where John baptized as "Bethany across the Jordan River". This is not the village of Bethany east of Jerusalem, but the city of Bethany, also called Bethabara in Perea. Perea is a province east of Jordan, in the southern part of Samaria, and although the New Testament does not mention the name Perea, John 3:23 implicitly refers again when declaring that John is baptizing at Enon near Salim, " lots of water there ". The first-century historian Flavius ​​Josephus also wrote in the Antiquities of the Jews (18 5.2) that John the Baptist was imprisoned and subsequently killed at Machaerus on the border of Perea.
Luke 3:23 and Luke 4: 1 denotes the possibility of Jesus' activity near the Jordan around the time of his baptism, as was the initial encounter with the disciples of John the Baptist in John 1: 35-37 , where "two disciples heard him speak, and they followed Jesus". Assuming that there are two incidents of Temple Cleansing, located in Jerusalem, the possible reference to early Judean ministry may be John 2: 13-25 .
Services in Galilee
Initial Galilea Service
The Early Galilee Service began when, according to Matthew, Jesus returned to Galilee from the wilderness of Judea, after rejecting Satan's temptations. In this early period, Jesus preached around Galilee and, in his early days, met his disciples, began to travel with him and eventually formed the essence of the early Church.
The Gospel of John includes Marriage at Cana as the first miracle of Jesus that took place in the early period of this ministry, with its return to Galilee. Some villages in Galilee (eg Kafr Kanna) have been suggested as the location of Cana.
Jesus' return to Galilee follows the capture of John the Baptist. Jesus' early teachings produced his rejection in his home town when in Luke 4: 16-30 Jesus said in the Synagogue: "No prophet is accepted in his own country" and people reject him.
In this early period, the reputation of Jesus began to spread throughout Galilee. In Mark 1: 21-28 and Luke 4: 31-37 , Jesus went to Capernaum, where people were "astonished by his teachings, because his words were with authority ", in the Exorcism in the Synagogue in the Capernaum episode, followed by the healing of the mother of Peter's wife.
Luke 5: 1-11 Includes the first draft of the first episode of the Magic fish where Jesus told Peter, "now you will catch men". Peter left his net and, with him, James and John, the sons of Zebedee, followed Jesus as a disciple afterward.
This period included the Sermon on the Mount, one of Jesus' main discourse in Matthew, and the Sermon on the Square in Luke's Gospel. The Sermon on the Hill , which covers chapters 5, 6 and 7 of the Gospel of Matthew, was the first of the Five Disciples of Matthew and was the longest part of Jesus' teaching in the New Testament. It summarizes many of Jesus' moral teachings and includes many Spoken Words and Prayers.
The Happy Speech is expressed as eight blessings in Sermon on the Hill in Matthew, and four similar blessings appear in the Sermon on the Plateau where they are followed by four miseries that reflect blessings. The Beatitudes presents the highest ideals of Jesus' teachings of compassion, spirituality and affection.
The Main Galilean Ministry
The Major Galilean ministry, also called the Great Galilean ministry, begins in Matthew 8, after the Sermon on the Mount and refers to activities until John the Baptist's death.
The beginning of this period included Servant Officers ( Matthew 8: 5-13 ) and Calming the storm ( Matthew 8: 23-27 ), both dealing with the theme of faith and fear. When Centurion showed faith in Jesus by asking for "healing at a distance", Jesus praised him for his extraordinary faith. On the other hand, when his own disciples showed fear of a storm in the Sea of ​​Galilee, Jesus commanded them to be more faithful, after he ordered the storm to stop.
In this period, Jesus is still gathering the twelve apostles, and the Call of Matthew takes place in Matthew 9: 9 . Conflict and criticism between Jesus and Pharisee continues, eg. they criticize Jesus for hanging out with "tax collectors and sinners," where Jesus replied: "Unhealthy in need of doctors, but sick people, I have not come to call the righteous, but sinners to repent."
Serving the twelve apostles connects the early twelfth apostolic election among the disciples. Jesus went to the mountain side to pray, and after spending the night praying to God, in the morning he summoned his disciples and chose twelve of them.
In Mission Discourse, Jesus taught the twelve apostles mentioned in Matthew 10: 2-3 to not carry things as they traveled from town to town and preached. Separately, Luke 10: 1-24 links the Seventy Disciples, where Jesus designates more disciples and sends them in pairs with the Missionary Mandate to go to the villages before the Coming of Jesus there.
In Matthew 11: 2-6 two messengers from John the Baptist came to ask Jesus whether he was the expected Messiah, or "should we wait for the other?" Jesus replied, "Go back and report to John what you hear and see: The blind receive vision, the lame walks." After this, Jesus began to speak to the crowd about the Baptist.
This period is rich in parables and teachings and includes the Parabolic discourse , which provides many parables to the Kingdom of Heaven, beginning at Matthew 13: 1 . These include The Sower, The Tares, The Mustard Seed and The Leaven parallels, aimed at the wider community, as well as The Hidden Treasure, The Pearl and Drawing in the Net.
At the end of the ministry of Major Galilee, Jesus returned to his native Nazareth. His wisdom is recognized there, questioned, and rejected.
The Last Galilean Ministry
The Last Galilean ministry started after John the Baptist's death, and included Feeding 5000 and Walking in the water episode, both in Matthew 14 . Upon hearing of the Baptist's death, Jesus withdrew in a private boat to a remote place near Bethsaida, where he spoke to the crowds who followed him on foot from the towns, and fed them with "five loaves and two fish" provided by a boy..
After this, the Gospel presents the episode of
The main teachings of this period included the Sermon on the Defilements in Matthew 15: 1-20 and Mark 7: 1-23 where, in response to the complaints of the Pharisees, Jesus states: "What goes into a man's mouth does not make it 'unclean', but what comes out of his mouth, that's what makes him 'unclean'."
After this episode, Jesus withdrew to the "parts of Tire and Sidon" near the Mediterranean Sea, where the female episode of Canaanite women took place in Matthew 15: 21-28 and Mark 7:24 -30 . This episode is an example of how Jesus emphasized the value of faith, telling the woman: "Woman, you have extraordinary faith! Your request is granted." The importance of faith is also emphasized in the episode of the Ten Cleansing Lepers in Luke 17: 11-19 .
In the Gospel of Mark, after passing through Sidon, Jesus enters Decapolis, a group of ten towns southeast of Galilee, where Deaf healing is deaf-mute reported in Mark 7: 31-37 . After healing, the disciples said: "He even made the deaf hear and the mute speak." This episode is the last in a series of miracles narrated that build up to Peter's statement about Jesus as Christ in Mark 8:29 .
Judea and Perea to Jerusalem
Later Judean ministry
In this period, Jesus began his final journey to Jerusalem by encircling Samaria, through Perea, and through Judea to Jerusalem. At the beginning of this period, Jesus predicted his death for the first time, and this prediction then built into the other two episodes, the final prediction before Jesus entered Jerusalem for the last time, the week of his crucifixion. In Matthew 16: 21-28 and Mark 8: 31-33 , Jesus taught his disciples that "the Son of Man must suffer many things and be rejected by the elders, and law teacher, and that he should be killed and after three days of resurrection.
Later in this period, in about the middle of each of the three Synoptic Gospels, two related episodes marked a turning point in Jesus' ministry: Peter's Confession and Jesus Transfiguration. This episode began at Caesarea Philippi, just north of the Sea of ​​Galilee, at the beginning of the final journey to Jerusalem ending with the Passion and Resurrection of Jesus. These episodes mark the beginning of the gradual disclosure of Jesus' identity as the Messiah to his disciples; and his prediction of his own suffering and death.
Peter's confession begins as a dialogue between Jesus and his disciples in Matthew 16:13 , Mark 8:27 and Luke 9:18 . Jesus asked his disciples: But who do you say that I am? Simon Peter answered it: You are the Christ, the Son of the living God . In Matthew 16:17 , Jesus blessed Peter for his answer, and declared: "flesh and blood do not reveal it unto you, but my Father which is in heaven." In blessing Peter, Jesus not only received the titles of Christ and the Son of God, which Peter attributed to him, but proclaims the proclamation of a divine revelation by declaring that his Father in Heaven has reveal it to Peter. In this statement, by authorizing both titles as divine revelations, Jesus emphatically declares himself Christ and the Son of God.
In the Gospel of Matthew, following this episode, Jesus also chose Peter as the leader of the Apostles, and declared that "on this rock I will build my church". In Matthew 16:18 Jesus then continued: "That you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church". The word "church" ( ekklesia in Greek) as used here appears in the Gospels only once more, in Matthew 18:17 , and refers to the community of believers in time.
Perean Ministry later
After the proclamation by Peter, the Transfiguration story of Jesus is the next great event and appears in Matthew 17: 1-9 , Mark 9: 2-8 and
Transfiguration not only supports the identity of Jesus as the Son of God, (as in Baptism), but the statement of "listening" identifies him as messenger and mouth-from God. This meaning is reinforced by the presence of Elijah and Moses, because it shows to the apostles that Jesus is the voice of God, and, instead of Elijah or Moses, he should be heard, based on a dutiful relationship with God. 2 Peter 1: 16-18 echoes the same message: on Transfiguration, God gives Jesus a special "honor and glory" and that is the turning point in which God exalts Jesus above all other powers in creation.
Many of the episodes in later Judean ministry are from the Gospel of Luke but, in general, the order of these episodes in Luke does not provide enough geographical information to determine Perea, although scholars generally assume that the route Jesus follows from Galilee Jerusalem is gone. through Perea. However, John's Gospel states that he returned to the area where he was baptized, and John 10: 40-42 declared that "many people believed him outside the Jordan," saying "everything that John said about this person is true ". The area where Jesus was baptized was summed up as the area around Perea, considering the activities of the Baptist in Bethabara and ÃÆ' â € non in John John 1:28 and John 3:23 .
This period of ministry includes the Discourse about the Church, where Jesus anticipates the community of followers in the future and explains the role of his apostles in leading him. This includes the parable of The Lost Sheep and The Unforgiving Servant in Matthew 18, which also refers to the Kingdom of Heaven. The common theme of this discourse is the anticipation of the community of followers in the future, and the role of the apostles in leading it.
Overcoming his apostles in Matthew 18:18 , Jesus declares: "Verily, I tell you that whatever you bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you release on earth will be released in heaven". The discourse emphasizes the importance of humility and self-sacrifice as high virtue in the anticipated community. It teaches that in the Kingdom of God, it is an important personal humility, not social excellence and influence.
At the end of this period, the Gospel of John includes the episode of Raising Lazarus in John 11: 1-46, where Jesus took Lazarus from Bethany back to life four days after his funeral. In the Gospel of John, Lazarus's resurrection is the climax of the "seven signs" gradually asserting the identity of Jesus as the expected Son of God and Messiah. This is also an important episode that begins a series of events leading to the crowds searching for Jesus at the entrance to Triumphal to Jerusalem - leading to Caiaphas and Sanhedrin's decision to plan on killing Jesus (the Crucifixion of Jesus).
The last ministry in Jerusalem
The last ministry in Jerusalem is traditionally called Passion and begins with the entry of Jesus to Jerusalem at the beginning of the week which includes the Last Supper, and is liturgically marked by Holy Week. The Gospels pay particular attention to the story of the last week of Jesus' life in Jerusalem, and his narrative numbered about a third of the text of the four Gospels, indicating his theological significance in Christian thought in the Early Church.
Before arriving in Jerusalem, in John 12: 9-11, after raising Lazarus from the dead, the crowds gathered around Jesus and believed in him, and the next day the crowds who had gathered for the feast in Jerusalem welcomed Jesus when he descends from the Mount of Olives to Jerusalem in Matthew 21: 1-11, Mark 11: 1-11 Luke 19: 28-44 and John 12: 12-19 . In Luke 19: 41-44 as Jesus approached Jerusalem, he saw the city and wept for it, foretelling the suffering that awaited the city.
In the three Synoptic Gospels, entered Jerusalem followed by the Temple Cleansing episode, where Jesus drove the money changers from the Temple, accusing them of turning the Temple into a thief's lair through their commercial activities. This is the only story of Jesus using physical strength in any Gospel. The Synoptics includes a number of famous parables and sermons such as Widow mites and Second Coming Prophecies during the following week.
That week, the synoptic also recounted the conflict between Jesus and the Jewish elders, in episodes such as the Questionable Authority of Jesus and the misery of the Pharisees, where Jesus criticized their hypocrisy. Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles, approached the Jewish elders and did a "Bargain of Judas" in which he accepted to betray Jesus and hand him over to the elders. Matthew sets the price as thirty silver coins.
In Matthew 24, Markus 13 and Luke 21, Jesus provided a discourse at the End of the Age, also called the Sermon on the Olivet for being given at the Mount of Olives. This discourse is largely about the expectations and expectations of the followers of Jesus, and the need for vigilance by believers to remember the coming judgment. This discourse is generally viewed as referring to the destruction of the Temple in Jerusalem, as well as the Second and Second Advent and the Second Coming of Christ, but many scientific opinions about which verses refer to which events remain.
The key episode at the end of Jesus' ministry is the Last Supper, which includes the Eucharistic Institution . In Matthew 26: 26-29 , Mark 14: 22-25 , Luke 22: 19-20 during the last meal, Jesus took bread, solve and give to the students, say: "This is my body given to you". He also gave them a "cup" to drink, saying this was his blood. Although it may have been fermented, there is no biblical record to call it wine, but rather as a "fruit of wine" or "cup". In 1 Corinthians 11: 23-26 , the Apostle Paul refers to the Last Supper. John 14-17 summed up the Last Supper with a long sermon, three chapters known as the parting discourse preparing the disciples for Jesus' departure.
See also
- Gospel and theology
- The mythical theory of Christ
- Gospel harmony
- The History of Jesus
- Jesus in Christianity
- The life of Christ in art
- The life of Jesus in the New Testament
- The miracle of Jesus
- The Jesus Parable
- Related places
- Al-Maghtas
- Qasr el Yahud
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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