The King Charles Spaniel (also known as English Toy Spaniel ) is a small type of spaniel dog. In 1903, the Kennel Club incorporated four separate spaniel toy races under this single title. Other varieties incorporated into this breed are Blenheim, Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels, each of which contributes one of the four colors available in this breed.
Expected to originate in the Far East, spaniel toys were first seen in Europe during the 16th century. They became famous for their relationship with King Charles II of England (1630-1685) and have been associated with the British empire since the time of Queen Mary I (1516-1558). Members of the breed have been owned by Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia.
King Charles Spaniel and other types of spaniel toys were crossed with Pug in the early 19th century to reduce the size of the nose, such as the style of the day. The 20th century saw an attempt to restore Charles the Charles Spaniels line to the time generation of Charles II. These include the unsuccessful Toy Trawler Spaniel and the now popular Cavalier King Charles Spaniel. The Cavalier is slightly larger, with flat heads and a longer nose, while King Charles is smaller, with a domed head and a flat face.
Historically the offspring merged into King Charles Spaniel were used for hunting; because their stature does not match. They keep their hunting instincts, but do not show high energy and are better suited for being a small dog. Modern breeds are vulnerable to several health problems, including heart conditions and various eye problems.
Video King Charles Spaniel
History
It is thought that the spaniel toy that eventually became King Charles Spaniel originated in the Far East, especially Japan. They may share a common ancestor with Peking and Chin Japan. Spaniel toys are given as gifts for European nobility.
Various red and white spaniel toys were first seen in paintings by Titian, including Venus Urbino (1538), where small dogs are used as symbols of female attraction. Further paintings featuring the spaniel toys were created by Palma Vecchio and Paolo Veronese during the 16th century. These dogs already have high-vaulted heads with short noses, though their muzzles are more pointed than they are now. This Italian spaniel dog may have been crossed with a small local dog like a Maltese dog and also with an imported Chinese dog. Papillon is a continental descent similar to spaniel-sized toys.
The earliest recorded performances of the spaniel toys in England are the paintings of Queen Mary I and King Philip. Mary, Queen of Scots (1542-1587), also likes small toy dogs, including spaniels, showing the British nobility for this breed before Charles II.
King Henry III of France (1551-1589) has a number of small spaniels, called Damarets. Although one of John Caius' 1570 Latin translations De Canibus Britannicis speaks of "a new type of Spaniel brought out of France, rare, strange, and hard to come by", this is in addition to later translations, and not is in the original text. Caius discusses the "Spanish-gentle, or Comforter" though, which he classifies as pure refined race. The Spaniel is supposedly of Maltese origin and sought only as a shepherd dog for "daintie dames".
Captain John Saris may have brought back examples of spaniel toys from his voyage to Japan in 1613, a theory proposed by Commodore Matthew C. Perry during his expedition to Japan on behalf of the United States in the mid-19th century. He notes that the dog is a common grace and thinks that the early voyage of Captain Saris introduced a type of Japanese spaniel to England.
the 17th century and Charles II
In the 17th century, spaniel toys began to be displayed in paintings by Dutch artists such as Caspar Netscher and Peter Paul Rubens. Spanish artists, including Juan de Valdà © s Leal and Diego VelÃzzquez, also described them; in Spanish works, the dogs are tricolor, black and white or wholly white. The French naturalist Georges-Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon would later describe these types of dogs as a cross between spaniels and Pugs.
Charles II of England loved spaniel toys, which is why dogs now carry his name, although there is no evidence that modern descent is derived from his dogs. He is credited with causing increased popularity of the breed during this period. Samuel Pepys's diary explains how spaniels were allowed to roam anywhere in the Whitehall Palace, including during state events. In an entry dated September 1, 1666, describing a council meeting, Pepys wrote, "What I observed there was the King's foolishness, playing with his dog all the time and not bothering business." Charles's sister, Princess Henrietta, painted by Pierre Mignard, holds a small toy-sized spaniel of red and white. Judith Blunt-Lytton, 16 Baroness Wentworth, wrote in her 1911 Toy Dogs and Their Ancestors, theorized that after Henrietta's death at the age of 26 1670, Charles took his dog for himself.
After Charles II
Spaniel Toys continued to be popular in the English court during the reign of King James II, through Queen Anne. Popular types include white and red types. After the Great Revolution of 1688 and the reign of King William III and Queen Mary II, Pug was introduced to England which would eventually cause drastic physical changes to King Charles Spaniel. The comparison between the images of sewing spaniels of British toys and various continents shows that change had begun to take place in English type in 1736, with shorter noses displayed and the whole breed moving away from those seen in previous works by Anthony van Dyck during 17th century.
Spaniels of British toys remained quite popular during the 18th century for often featured in literature and art. On Rover, Lady's Spaniel, Jonathan Swift's excerpt from Ambrose Philips's poem to Lord Lieutenant's daughter, describes the characteristics of a British toy, setting the "big and high forehead" between the other physical features. breeds. Spaniel and Pugs toys are featured in both group portraits and satirical works by William Hogarth. Spaniel toys are still popular in the upper classes as female dogs, despite the introduction of Pug; both Thomas Gainsborough's paintings of Queen Charlotte of 1781 and George Romney in 1782 19th century and Blenheim Spaniel
Spaniel toy varieties are sometimes used in hunting, as Sportsman's Repository reported in 1830 from Blenheim Spaniel: "Twenty years ago, His Excellency The Duke of Marlborough is known to have the smallest and finest offspring of cockers in English, they are always red-white, with very long ears, short noses, and black eyes. "During this period, the term" cocker "was not used to describe the Cocker Spaniel, but rather a small spaniel used for woodcock hunting. Duke's residence, Blenheim Palace, gives his name to Blenheim Spaniel. The Sportsman's Repository explains that spaniel toys are capable of hunting, though not for a full day or in difficult terrain: "The very subtle and small spaniels, or" carpets, "have beautiful noses, and will hunt but not suitable for long days or thorns. "This idea was supported by Vero Shaw in his 1881 Dog Illustrative Book, and by Thomas Brown in 1829 who wrote," He is rarely used for the field sport, of its small size, becomes tired, and too short on its feet to pass through the marshy land. "During the 19th century, the people of Malta were still regarded as a kind of spaniel, and considered the mains of spaniel toys, including King Charles varieties and Blenheim.
Spaniel toy breeds often rival Pugs in popularity as lapdogs for women. The disadvantage of the offspring of the spaniel toys is that their long coats require constant care. By 1830, the spaniel toys had changed slightly from the dogs of Charles II's time. William Youatt in his study in 1845, The Dog , was not enamored by the changes: "Breed King Charles is now materially morally changed, his muzzle almost as short, and his forehead as ugly and prominent as most bull dogs The eye has doubled in size before, and has an expression of stupidity whose character is also accurate. "Youatt acknowledged that his ear, his coat, and his long coloring were very interesting. Because of the period's fashion, the spaniel toys are crossed with Pugs to reduce the size of their nose and then be selectively raised to further reduce it. By doing this, the dog's sense of smell is disturbed, and according to the writers of the 19th century, this led to varieties of spaniel toys removed from participation in sports field. Blunt-Lytton proposed that the red and white Blenheim Spaniels always had shorter noses now seen in modern King Charles.
From the 16th century, it was fashionable for women to carry small toys as they traveled around the city. These dogs are called "Comforters" and are given a biological classification of species Canis consolator by 19th century dog ​​writers. By the 1830s, this practice was no longer popular, and this type of spaniel became less frequent. "Comforter" is given as a general term for sheepdogs, including Maltese, the English Toy, and Continental Toy Spaniels, the latter being similar to the modern PhalÃÆ'¨ne. It was once believed that dogs had healing powers: in 1607 Edward Topsell repeated Caius's observation that "these little dogs are good for the treatment of abdominal pain, often applied as plaister preservatives, or bourne in the chest of sick and weak people, whose effect is done with the heat is moderate. "In the 1840s, the" Comforter "had stopped being used, and this breed was again called Spaniel Toys. The first written incident of the pomegranate toy spaniel is a dog named Dandy, owned by Mr. Garwood in 1875.
The dogs continue to be popular among the nobles. In 1896, Otto von Bismarck bought King Charles Spaniel from an American kennel for $ 1,000. The dog weighed less than 2 pounds (0.9 kg), and had been disqualified from the Westminster Kennel Club in the previous year due to its weight. Average price is lower than that paid by Bismarck. In 1899, the price ranged between $ 50 and $ 200 for King Charles or Blenheim, with Ruby and Prince Charles Spaniels in the range of $ 50 and $ 150.
Anne BrontÃÆ'Â "Flossy," given to him by the children of Robinson when he left his governor, was a King Charles Spaniel.
Conformation and 20th century show
In 1903, the Kennel Club attempted to combine King James (black and brown), Prince Charles (tricolor), Blenheim and Ruby spaniel into one lineage called Toy Spaniel. The Toy Spaniel Club, which oversaw the separate breeds, was strongly objected, and the argument was only resolved after King Edward VII's intervention, explaining that he preferred the name "King Charles Spaniel". In 1904, the American Kennel Club followed suit, combining the four breeds into a single breed known as the English Toy Spaniel. The Japanese spaniel is also considered a type of spaniel toy, but it is not incorporated into new breeds and is recognized as a descendant in its own right.
Grand Duchess Anastasia Nikolaevna of Russia had King Charles Spaniel at the time of the Romanov family shooting on July 17, 1918. Eight days later, Nicholas Sokolov of the White Army found an open spot where he believed the Romanov family's corpse had been burned, and found the corpse of King Charles Spaniel at the scene. In the 1920s, the Duchess of Marlborough raised so many King Charles Spaniels at Blenheim Palace that her husband moved away and later expelled the Duchess himself.
Blunt-Lytton documented his efforts early in the twentieth century to breed the type of King Charles Spaniel of the 18th century as seen in portraits of King Charles II. She uses the Spaniel Toy Trawler, which is curly-haired, mostly black, small to medium, and cares for these dogs with a variety of other races, including Blenheim Spaniels and Cocker Spaniels, in an unsuccessful attempt to reproduce previous styles.
King Cavalier Charles Spaniel came from a competition hosted by Roswell Eldridge America in 1926. He offered a prize fund for the best male and female dogs "Blenheim Spaniels of the old type, as shown in the pictures of Charles II of England time, long face, do not stop, flat skull, do not tend to vaulted, with a place in the center of the skull. "Breeders enter what they consider to be sub-par King Charles Spaniels. Although Eldridge did not live to see newly created breeds, some breeders united and created the first breed club for the new Cavalier King Charles Spaniel in 1928, with the Kennel Club originally listing a new type as "King Charles Spaniels, Cavalier type". In 1945, the Kennel Club recognized a new breed in itself. The American Kennel Club did not recognize Cavalier until 1997.
Margaret's daughter, Countess of Snowdon, continues the relationship between nobles and King Charles Spaniel, attending Princess Anne's tenth birthday party with her dog Rolly in 1960. Elizabeth II also has King Charles Spaniels besides the dogs most often associated with her, Pembroke Welsh Corgi.
In 2008, the documentary of the BBC Pedigree Dogs Exposed was critical of breeding various genealogical descendants including King Charles Spaniel. The event highlights issues involving syringomyelia on the descendants of King Charles and Cavalier. Mark Evans, veterinary head adviser for the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals (RSPCA), said, "Dog shows using current breed standards as the main scoring criteria actively encourage both the deliberate breeding of both defective and defective dogs and inbreeding of animals closely related "; This opinion is supported by SPCA Scotland. Following the program, the RSPCA ended its sponsorship at the annual Crufts dog show, and the BBC refused to broadcast the event.
King Charles Spaniel is less popular than Cavalier in Britain and the United States. In 2010, Cavalier was the 23rd most popular type, according to registration figures compiled by the American Kennel Club, while Spaniel Toys UK was the 126th. In the UK, according to Kennel Club, Cavalier is the most popular type in the Toy Group, with 8,154 puppies enrolled in 2010, compared to 199 enrollments for King Charles Spaniels. Due to the low registration count, King Charles was identified as a Breed Native Breed by Kennel Club in 2003 in an effort to help promote breeds.
Maps King Charles Spaniel
Description
King Charles has large black eyes, short nose, high vaulted head and black leather line around the mouth. On average, it stands 9 to 11 inches (23 to 28 cm) in the withers, with a small but compact body. This breed has a traditional tail that is anchored. It has a long pendulous ear pendant of the spaniel and its mantle comes in four varieties, the nature it shares with its branch, the Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
Four sets of signs reflect the four previous breeds from which the modern descendants originated. Black and brown marks are known as "King Charles", while "Prince Charles" is tricolored, "Blenheim" is red and white, and "Ruby" is a single color-rich red color. The black and brown mark "King Charles" usually consists of a black coat with mahogany/brown markings on the face, legs and chest and under the tail. The colorful "Prince Charles" is mostly white with black spots and mahogany/brown marks in locations similar to "King Charles". The "Blenheim" has a white coat with red spots, and should have a distinctive red dot in the center of the skull.
King Charles Spaniels is often mistaken for Cavalier King Charles Spaniels. There are some significant differences between the two breeds, the main ones being the size. While Cavalier has an average weight of 13 to 18 pounds (5.9 to 8.2 kg), King Charles is smaller at 8 to 14 pounds (3.6 to 6.4 kg). In addition, their facial features, although similar, can be distinguished: Cavalier's ears are set higher and the skulls flat, while King Charles' vaulted. Finally, the long muzzle of King Charles tended to be shorter than the typical snout of the Cavalier.
The American Kennel Club has two classes, English Toy Spaniel (B/PC) (Blenheim and Prince Charles) and English Toy Spaniel (R/KC), while in England, Kennel Club puts this breed in one class. Under the auspices of the Cynologique Internationale Group, King Charles is placed in the Toy Spaniel section of England in the Companion and Toy Dog Group, along with Cavalier King Charles Spaniel.
Temperament
King Charles is kind of friendly, so far it is not usually suitable as a watchdog as some races, although it may still be barking to warn the owner of an approaching visitor. This is not a high energy type, and enjoys a family member company, which is primarily a small dog. Although able to bond well with children and tolerant to them, it will not accept rough handling. Prefer not to be left alone for a long time. Known as one of the quietest toy races, it is perfect for apartment life.
This breed can tolerate other pets well, although King Charles still has his ancestral hunting instincts and may not always be kinder to smaller animals. It's smart enough to use for obedience work and, because of its stable temperament, it can be a successful therapeutic dog for hospitals and nursing homes.
Health
Natural Bobtails can be found in some breed members, which are not mutations of the T-box genes, and are therefore allowed under the rules of conformational performances. Health-related research on breeds is limited, without major research being conducted in the UK. However, it has been included in studies outside the UK, including by the Orthopedic Foundation for Animals (OFA) in the United States. King Charles Spaniel has a number of eye disorders and respiratory disorders that are common in brachycephalic dogs, and endocrine and metabolic diseases are common in small races, as well as health conditions related to specific breeds. The average age is 10 to 12 years, and the offspring should be able to reproduce naturally.
Eye and heart condition
Eye problems associated with King Charles Spaniel include cataracts, corneal dystrophy, distichia, entropion, microphthalmia, optical disc drusen, and keratitis. Compared to other offspring, King Charles Spaniel has an increased risk of distichia (where additional eyelashes or hair causes eye irritation). Inheritance is suspected under other conditions, with an onset age ranging from six months to cataracts of up to two to five years for corneal dystrophy.
Heart conditions associated with King Charles Spaniel include mitral valve disease, in which the mitral valve decreases, causing blood to flow backward through the heart chamber and eventually leading to congestive heart failure. Patent ductus arteriosus, in which blood is channeled back from the heart to the lungs, is also visible and can cause heart failure. Both of these conditions come with the same symptoms and are inherited. OFA conducted a survey on heart disease, in which of 105 breeds, King Charles Spaniel was found to be the 7th worst, with 2.1% of the 189 dogs affected.
Other common issues
Being brachycephalic, King Charles Spaniels can be sensitive to anesthesia. This is because in a brachycephalic dog, there is an additional tissue in the throat just behind the mouth and nasal cavity, known as pharynx, and an anesthetic action as a muscle relaxant that causes this tissue to block the narrow canal of the dog. This narrow airway can decrease the ability of dogs to exercise properly and increase their susceptibility to heat stroke. Other congenital and hereditary disorders found in King Charles Spaniel are hanging tongues, where neurological defects prevent the tongue from retraction into the mouth; diabetes mellitus, which may be associated with cataracts; cleft palate and umbilical hernia. English Toy Spaniel Club of America recommends umbilical hernias corrected only when other surgery is necessary, because of surgical risks in brachycephalic breeds. In another study conducted by OFA, King Charles Spaniel was the 38th of 99 breeds for patella luxation; Of the 75 animals tested, 4% were found to have the disease. However, surveys conducted by the Finnish club between 1988 and 2007 found that the incidence was higher in a few years, ranging from 5.3% to 50%.
There are several properties of the breed that can cause concern as a health problem. They include skull problems like open fontanels, where in young dogs there is a soft spot on the skull; it is common in dogs under one year. The complication of the condition is hydrocephalus, also known as water in the brain. This condition can cause neurological symptoms that require the dog to be euthanized. The fused toes, in which two or more dog toes coalesce together, may appear to be a health problem but the nature of this breed is of little concern.
The urban myth
An urban legend claims that Charles II issued a special decision authorizing King Charles Spaniel to enter every stance in Britain, setting aside the rule "no dogs except guide dogs". This mythical variant specifically relates to the Houses of Parliament. This myth is sometimes applied to King Cavalier Charles Spaniel.
The website of the British Parliament states: "Contrary to popular rumors, there is no Parliament Act referring to King Charles Spaniels who is permitted to be anywhere in the Westminster Palace, we are often asked this question and have been thoroughly examined." Similarly, there is no legal evidence covering the wider England. A spokeswoman for the Kennel Club said: "This law has been quoted from time to time, accused in the books that King Charles made this decision but our research has not traced it."
References
- Specific
- General
External links
- King Charles Spaniel on Curlie (based on DMOZ)
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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