Turning

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Lathe is a machining process in which the cutting tool, usually a non-rotating device, describes a helix chisel's trajectory by moving more or less linearly as the workpiece rotates. The motion axes of this tool can be either straight lines, or they may be along a series of curves or angles, but the lines are essentially linear (in a non-mathematical sense). Usually the term "turning" is reserved for making external surface by this cutting action, while this important slashing action when applied to the surface internal (ie, holes, of one type or another) called "boring". Thus, the phrase "twisting and boring" categorizes a larger family of processes (essentially the same) known as lathing. The cutting of the face on the workpiece (ie, the surface perpendicular to the rotating axis), whether by a rotary or boring device, is called "facing", and can be grouped into either category as a subset.

The reversal can be done manually, in the traditional form of a lathe, which often requires continuous monitoring by the operator, or by using automatic lathe that is not. Currently the most common type of automation is computer numerical control, better known as CNC. (CNCs are also commonly used with many types of machining in addition to flipping.)

When turning, a relatively rigid piece of material (such as wood, metal, plastic, or stone) is rotated and cutter is traversed along the 1, 2, or 3 axis of the movement to produce the proper diameter and depth. Curves can be either outside the cylinder or on the inside (also known as boring) to produce tubular components into different geometries. Although now quite rare, early lathes can even be used to produce complex geometric figures, even platoon solids; although since the advent of CNC it has become unusual to use non-computerized toolpath controls for this purpose.

The turning process is usually done on a lathe, which is considered the oldest machine tool, and can consist of four different types such as straight play , playback , profiling i> or external grooving. The types of turning processes can produce various forms of materials such as straight , cones , curved , or grooved workpieces. In general, turns use a simple cutting point tool . Each group of workpiece materials has an optimal set of tools that have been developed over the years.

The metal waste bits of the counter-operation are known as chips (North America), or swarf (UK). In some areas they may be known as twists .

Video Turning

Turn on operation

Changing specific operations include:

Turning on

This operation is one of the most basic machining processes. That is, the part is rotated while the single point cutting tool is moved parallel to the rotation axis. Turning can be done on external surface parts as well as internally (boring). Initial materials are generally workpieces produced by other processes such as casting, forging, extrusion, or withdrawal.

Tapered turningÃ,

a) from slide compound b) from taper turning attachment c) using hydraulic copy attachment d) using C.N.C. lathe e) using form tool f) with offset of the tailstock - this method is more suitable for shallow shrinkage.

Generation Ball

The exact expression to create or rotate a form is to produce as to produce a form around the fixed axis of revolution. a) use a copy of a hydraulic copy b) C.N.C. (computerized numerical controlled) lathe c) use form tool (rough and ready method) d) use jig bed (need drawing to explain).

Hard turning Ã,

Hard turning is a turning performed on material with Rockwell C hardness greater than 45. This is usually done after the workpiece is heated.

This process is intended to replace or restrict traditional grinding operations. Hard turning, when applied for pure stock removal purposes, competes well with coarse grinding. However, when applied to finishing where shapes and dimensions are so important, grinding is superior. Grinding produces higher roundness and higher cylindricality accuracy. In addition, a polished surface finishing of Rz = 0.3-0.8% can not be achieved with hard turning alone. Hard turning is suitable for parts requiring accuracy of 0.5 to 12 micrometers, and/or surface roughness of 0.8-7.0 Rz micrometers. It is used for gears, injection pump components, hydraulic components, among other applications.

Facing

Facing in the context of rotating the work involves moving the cutting tool at right angles to the rotating axis of the rotating workpiece. This can be done with a cross-slide operation, if one is installed, which is different from the longitudinal feed (rotate). This is often the first operation done in the production of the workpiece, and often the last - the phrase "ends".

Farewell

This process, also called split off or cutoff , is used to create a deep groove that will remove the complete or part-complete component of its parent stock.

Grooving

Grooving is like parting, except that the groove is cut to a certain depth, instead of cutting the finished/part-complete component of the stock. Grooving can be done on internal and external surfaces, as well as on the face (face grooving or trepanning).

Non-specific operations include:

Dull

Enlarge or smooth existing holes created by drilling, printing etc. i.e. machining the internal cylinder shape (producing) a) by attaching the workpiece to the spindle via chuck or faceplate b) by attaching the workpiece to the cross slide and placing the cutter to the chuck. This work is suitable for casting that is too clumsy to fit on the faceplate. On long sleeping mats, large workpieces can be bolted to the bedding and the shaft is passed between two lugs on the workpiece and these lugs can be bored for size. A limited but available app for expert players/engine experts.

Drilling

is used to remove material from the inside of the workpiece. This process uses a stationary-held standard drill in the tail stock or turret tool of the lathe. This process can be done with a drill machine that is available separately.

Knurling

Cutting the jagged pattern onto the surface of the section to be used as handrails using special purpose knurling tools.

Reaming

Measurement operation that removes small amounts of metal from already drilled holes. This is done to create an internal hole with a very accurate diameter. For example, a 6mm hole is made by drilling with a 5.98 mm drill and then hit back to an accurate dimension.

ThreadingÃ,

Standard and non-standard threaded yarns can be rotated on a lathe using the appropriate cutting tool. (Usually has a nose angle of 60, or 55 Â °) either externally, or inside the hole. Commonly referred to as single-point threading.

tapping the nuts and threaded holes a) using hand tap and tailstock center b) using a tapping device with a slipping clutch to reduce the risk of tap damage.

Operation

threading includes a) all types of external and internal screw form using single point tool also tapered thread, double thread start, multi start thread, worm as used in worm wheel reduction box, leadscrew with single thread or multistart. b) using a threading box equipped with 4 shape tools, up to 2 "diameter threads but it is possible to find a box larger than this.

Polygonal Playback

where non-circle shape is done without disturbing the rotation of raw materials.

Maps Turning

Lathes

A lathe is a machine tool used primarily to form metal, wood, or other pieces by causing the workpiece to be held and turned by a lathe while the instrument slightly progresses to the work that causes the cutting action. Lathe can be divided into three types for easy identification: lathe, lathe tower, and special purpose lathe . Some of the smaller ones are bench mounted and semi-portable. Larger boots are installed on the floor and may require special transport if they are to be moved. The field and maintenance stores generally use a lathe that can be adapted to many operations and it is not too large to move from one workplace to another. Lathe is perfect for this purpose. Trained operators can complete more machining work with lathes than any other machine tool. Lathe machines and special purpose lathe are typically used in production or workshops for mass production or special spare parts, while basic engine lathe is usually used for all lathe types.

Working method

• Chuck: Chucks are a common method of common work. There are many types, some for round and square stock, and others for irregular shapes.
• Collet: Mainly used for small round workpieces.
• Wall plates: Banners, dog movers, and mandrels can be used to change workpieces like empty teeth.
• Center: Point the point where the rotating part, often driven by the 'dog'. Can be used to rotate the longer shaft and cylinder.
• Drive Center: Use hydraulic or spring teeth that "bite" to the end of the workpiece and can be used when the entire length of the work piece has to be worked out.

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Tools

Various angles, shapes, and sizes of the single point cuts tool have a direct connection to the surface produced by the workpiece in machining operations. Various angle types such as rake angle , side rake angle , leading edge , angular relief exists and may be different in relation to the workpiece. Also, there are many forms of single point deductions , such as V-shaped and Square. Typically, special tools are used to hold the cutting tool firmly during operation.

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Activation dynamics

Team

The relative force in the counterintuitive operation is important in machine tool design. The machine tool and its components shall be able to withstand this force without causing significant deflection, vibration, or chat during operation. There are three major forces during the turning process:

• The cut or tangential style acts down on the cutting edge allowing the workpiece to slide up. It supplies the energy needed for cutting operations. The specific cutting force required to cut the material is called the specific cutting power. The termination style depends on the material.
• The axial or feed style acts in a longitudinal direction. This is also called bait strength because it's in the direction of the tool bait. This style tends to push the tool away from the chuck.
• The radial or thrust force acts in a radial direction and tends to push the tool away from the workpiece.

Speed ​​and feed

Speed ​​and feedback are selected based on cutting material, workpiece materials, tuning stiffness, machine stiffness and spindle power, cooling options, and other factors.

Feed

• The distance the tool progresses to the material in a revolution is called "feed". This is determined as mm per revolution (mm/rev).

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See also

• Play the diamond
• The machine spins
• Hard play
• Perimeter feet per minute
• Woodturning

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References

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External links

• "Introduction to Lathe". Archived from the original on 2010-01-08 . Retrieved 2010-01-08 .
• Schneider, George. "Changing Tools and Operations." American Machinist , January, 2010.
• Lathe Turning Operations

Source of the article : Wikipedia