A toddler is a child aged 12 to 36 months. The toddler years are a time of great cognitive, emotional and social development. The word comes from "to toddle," which means walking faltering, like a child of this age.
Video Toddler
Developmental milestones
The development of toddlers can be broken down into a number of interrelated areas. There is a reasonable consensus on these areas including:
- Physical : growth or size increase.
- Crude motor : great muscle control that allows walking, running, jumping, and climbing.
- Fine motor : the ability to control small muscles; allowing toddlers to feed themselves, drawing and manipulating objects.
- Vision : the ability to see near and far and interpret what is being viewed.
- Hearing and speaking : the ability to hear and receive information and listen (interpret), and the ability to understand and learn the language and use it to communicate effectively.
- Social : the ability to interact with the world through playing with others, taking turns and playing fantasy.
Although useful for describing a definite period of development, it is also necessary to recognize that development exists on a continuum, with great individual differences between children. There are all sorts of what can be considered 'normal' developments. However, according to experts, there is a special milestone that must be achieved by a certain age and stage in life to grow and develop well.
Maps Toddler
One year old
At the age of one year, typical toddlers will be able to display the following skills:
Physical and motor skills
- Fold three times your birth weight
- Increases up to 50% of birth length
- The circumference of the head is the same as the chest circumference
- Have one to eight teeth
- Drag to stand
- Walk with help or alone
- Sit without help
- Bang two blocks together
- Turn the pages of the book by turning many pages at once
- Hold the pincer
- Sleep 8-10 hours a night and one to two naps
Sensory and cognitive development
- Follow a fast-moving object
- Can respond sound
- Responded to his name
- Understand some words
- Can say mama, papa, and at least one or two other words
- Understand simple commands
- Trying to mimic the sounds of animals
- Associate names with objects
- Understand that objects continue to exist, even when they are invisible (permanent objects)
- Point to the object with the index finger
- Goodbye waves
- Can develop attachments on toys or objects
- Experiencing separation anxiety and possibly attached to parent
- Can take short trips from parents to explore in familiar settings
Two years
- Weight: about 11-13 kg
- Height: about 80-82 cm
- Teeth: 12 while
Two and a half years
- Teeth: full set of temporary 20
- Needs decreased for nap
Motor development
14 months
- Runs well alone with wide gait
- Crawled upstairs
- Created with block
- Drink from cup, use spoon
- Likes to throw objects and retrieve them
18 months
- Walk sideways and backwards, go well, fall easily
- Up the stairs or up to the furniture
- Encourage passionately, try a straight line
- Drink well from cup, still spill with spoon
Two years
- Rough motor skills are quite refined, can walk up and down stairs on both feet with one step at a time while holding on to the rails
- Build a five-cube tower
- Spoon controls develop well
- Toilets are trained during the daytime
15 months
- Can use 10-15 words
- Say "no" (see holophrasis)
- Show when wet diapers
18 months
- Use phrases composed of adjectives and nouns
- Start having anger
- Very ritual, have favorite toys or blankets
- Thumbs up may be at the top
Two years
- Vocabulary is about 350 words
- Obey simple commands
- Helps undress yourself and wear simple clothes
- Show signs of increased autonomy and individuality
- Not sharing ownership - all "mine" as in "Toddler Credo":
2½ years
- Begin to see yourself as a separate individual; still seeing other children as "objects"
Main learning event
Toilet training
- Psychological readiness
- Process training
- Parent response
Play (spin parallel)
- Children play with other children but not with them
- Most are free and spontaneous, no rules or rules
- Very short attention span and toy changes occur at frequent intervals
- Imitation and trusting games begin at the end of the second year
Game: throwing and retrieving objects
Recommended toys:
- Play furniture, dishes, cooking utensils, play phones, puzzles with big chunks, pedal-driven toys, rocking horses, clay crayons, finger paint, pounding toys, beams, tug toys, balls
Squatting
Little children are physically instinctive as a continuous movement from standing whenever they want to lower themselves to the ground. One and two-year-olds can usually be seen playing in a stable squatting position, with their legs wide open and bottom not touching the floor, although at first they have to hold on to something to stand up again.
Language
Speaking is the next milestone that parents usually notice. The first word of a toddler most often occurs about 12 months, but again this is just average. The boy will then continue to increase his vocabulary until about the age of 18 months when the language increases rapidly. He can learn as many as 7-9 new words every day. Around this time, toddlers generally know about 50 words. At 21 months is when the toddlers start putting two word phrases into their vocabulary, such as "I go", "mama give", and "baby game". Before going to bed they are often involved in a monologue called a talking box where they practice speaking skills. At this age, children become very adept at conveying their desires and needs to their parents verbally.
Emotions and self-image
There are several other important milestones achieved in this time period so that parents tend not to emphasize as much as walking and talking. Gaining the ability to point to whatever the child wants you to see shows great psychological benefits in toddlers. This usually happens before the child's first birthday.
This age is sometimes referred to as a "terrible couple", because of its famous rage. This stage can start as early as nine months depending on the child and the environment. Toddlers tend to have anger because they have strong emotions but do not know how to express themselves as children and adults do. They also make the act of telling others that they are free and can do what they want. The little boy found that they were separate beings from their parents and tested their limits in learning how the world around them worked. Although toddlers are in their exploratory stage, it is also important to understand that the methods used by parents to communicate with toddlers can trigger tantrums or soothe the situation. Studies have shown that parents with a history of abuse, violent exposure, and associated psychopathology may have particular difficulties in responding sensitively and in an appropriate manner of development for their toddler rage and thus may benefit from parent-child mental health consultation. This time between the ages of two and five when they achieved independence repeating themselves during adolescence.
Self-awareness is another milestone that helps parents understand how a toddler reacts. Around the age of 18 months, a child will begin to recognize himself as a separate physical being with his own thoughts and actions. Parents can test whether this milestone has been achieved by noticing if toddlers admit that their reflection in the mirror is actually themselves. One way to test this is the rouge test: put the lipstick on the child's face and show them their own reflection. After seeing a remarkable sign, if the child reaches his own face, the child has reached this important milestone. Along with self-recognition comes the feeling of shame and pride that the boy had never before experienced.
Overview
The toddler growth line shows what an average toddler can do at what age from 12 months or older. Times vary greatly from child to child. It is common for some toddlers to master certain skills such as walking well before other skills, such as speaking. Even close relatives can vary greatly in the time it takes to reach every major milestone.
See also
- Child development stage
- Early age
- Early Childhood Education
- Sign language for babies and toddlers
References
External links
- The dictionary definition of toddle in Wiktionary
- Media related to Toddlers in Wikimedia Commons
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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