Television streaming (or streaming TV ) is the digital distribution of television content, such as TV shows, as streaming videos sent over the Internet. Streaming TV stands in stark contrast to the special terrestrial television delivered by over-the-air air systems, cable television, and/or satellite television systems.
Video Streaming television
Histori
The mid-2000s were the beginning of television programs available over the Internet. ITunes began offering specific television programs and series in 2005, available for download after direct payments. The YouTube video-sharing site was also launched in 2005 that allows users to share illegally posted television programs. A few years later television networks and other independent services began creating sites where events and programs could be streamed online. Amazon Video started in the United States as Amazon Unbox in 2006, but was not launched worldwide until 2016. Netflix, a website originally created for DVD rentals and sales began providing streaming content in 2007. In 2008 Hulu, owned by NBC and Fox, was launched, followed by tv.com in 2009 and owned by CBS. Digital media players are also becoming available to the public during this time. The first-generation Apple TV was released in 2007 and in 2008 the first-generation Roku streaming device was announced. Amazon's version of Amazon's digital media player, Amazon Fire TV, is not offered to the public until 2014. These digital media players are constantly being updated and a new generation is released. Access to television programs has evolved from computers and television access, as well as mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Apps for mobile devices became available through the app store in 2008. This mobile app lets users view content on mobile devices that support apps. In 2017, YouTube launches YouTube TV, a streaming service that allows users to watch live television programs from popular cable or network channels, and record events for streaming anywhere, anytime. After 2010 traditional cable and satellite television providers began offering services such as Sling TV, owned by Dish Network, which was unveiled in January 2015. DirecTV, another satellite television provider launched their own streaming service, DirecTV Now, by 2016. Smart TV takes through the television market after 2010. In 2015 smart TV is the only type of medium-to-high television manufactured. By 2017, 28% of adult US adult streaming services as their primary means of watching television, and 61% of those aged 18 to 29 sites as their primary method. In 2018, Netflix is ​​the world's largest streaming TV network and also the world's largest Internet entertainment and entertainment company with 117 million paid subscribers, and by market revenue and capitalization.
Maps Streaming television
Technology uses
Broadcast Broadband TV (HbbTV) consortium of industrial companies (such as SES, Humax, Philips, and ANT Software) currently promote and set open European standards for hybrid set-top boxes for broadcast reception and broadband digital television and multimedia applications with a single user interface.
In 2010s, Internet television providers use various technologies to provide VoD and live streaming systems. BBC iPlayer leverages Adobe Flash Player to provide streaming video clips and other software provided by Adobe for its download services. CNBC, Bloomberg Television and Showtime use the live streaming service from BitGravity to stream live broadcasts to paid subscribers using the HTTP protocol.
BBC iPlayer originally incorporated peer-to-peer streaming, moved to a centralized distribution for their video streaming service. BBC Executive Anthony praised network performance as an important factor in the decision, as well as unhappiness among consumers who were unhappy with their own network bandwidth being consumed to transmit content to other audiences.
Samsung TV also announced their plans to provide streaming options including 3D Video on Demand through their Explore 3D service.
Access control
Some streaming services include digital rights management. The W3C makes a controversial decision to adopt Encrypted Media Extensions because of the majority of the motivation to provide copy protection for streaming content. Sky Go has software provided by Microsoft to prevent content from being copied.
In addition, the BBC iPlayer uses a parental control system that gives parents the option to "lock" the content, meaning that passwords must be used to access them. The tagging system can be used to alert users that content can be certified or intended to view post-DAS. The honor system is also used where users are asked for their date of birth or age to verify if they can view certain content.
IPTV
IPTV delivers television content using signals based on Internet protocol (IP), over an open and unmanaged Internet with a "last-mile" telecommunications company that acts solely as an Internet service provider (ISP). As described above, "Internet television" is "over-the-top technology" (OTT). Both IPTV and OTT use the Internet protocol over a packet-switched network to transmit data, but IPTV operates in a closed system - a network controlled and controlled by a local cable, satellite, telephone, or fiber optic company. In its simplest form, IPTV simply replaces the traditional circuit switching analog or digital television channels with digital channels that happen to use packet-switched transmissions. In both the old and new systems, customers have a set-top box or equipment where other customers communicate directly through company-owned or dedicated leased channels with a central office server. Packages never travel through the public Internet, so television providers can guarantee enough local bandwidth for every customer needs.
Internet protocols are a cheap and standard way to enable two-way communication and simultaneously provide different data (for example, TV show files, email, Web search) to different customers. It supports features such as DVRs for television time transfers: for example, to watch TV shows that are broadcasted hours or days ago, or to replay current TV shows from scratch. It also supports on demand videos - browse video catalogs (like movies or television shows) that may not be associated with a company's scheduled broadcast.
IPTV has an ongoing standardization process (for example, at the European Telecommunication Standards Institute).
Streaming quality
Streaming quality refers to the image and audio quality transferred from the distributor server to the user's home screen. High-quality video like high definition video (720p) requires higher bandwidth and faster connection speed. The generally acceptable accepted kbit/s download rate required for H.264 encoded high definition video streaming is 3500 kbit/s, while standard definition television can range from 500 to 1500 kbit/s depending on the on-screen resolution. In the UK, the BBC iPlayer handles the greatest amount of traffic but offers HD content along with SD content. As more and more people are getting broadband connections that can handle HD video streaming over the Internet, the BBC iPlayer has tried to keep up with demand and speed. However, since HD video streaming requires about 1.5 GB of video hourly data, the BBC should invest a lot of money collected from Fee Fee payers to apply this on a large scale.
For users who do not have the bandwidth to stream HD video or even high-SD video, which requires 1500 kbit/s, the BBC iPlayer offers a lower bitrate stream which in turn leads to lower video quality. It utilizes an adaptive bitrate stream so that if the user's bandwidth suddenly goes down, iPlayer will decrease the streaming rate to compensate. The diagnostic tool offered on the BBC iPlayer website measures the user's streaming capabilities and bandwidth.
In recent years, Channel 4 has started providing HD content on On Demand platforms such as iOS Apps, Android Apps, and Channel4.com websites. Although competitors in the UK such as Demand Five have not offered HD streaming, the technology to support it is a fairly new and widespread HD stream is not impossible. The availability of Channel 4 and Five content on YouTube is predicted to prove to be very popular as series like Skins , Green Wing , The X Factor and others available in simple and easy format on websites that already attract millions of people every day.
Usage
Internet television is common in most US households in the mid-2010s. About one in four new televisions being sold is now a smart TV.
Considering the widespread popularity of smart TVs and devices such as Roku and Chromecast, most US public can watch television via the internet. An internet dedicated channel is now well established to showcase some of the events nominated by Emmy, such as House of Cards from Netflix. Many networks also distribute their events the next day to streaming providers like Hulu. Some networks may use proprietary systems, such as the BBC using their iPlayer format. This results in increased bandwidth demand causing problems for some networks. It was reported in February 2014 that Verizon was having problems addressing requests placed on their network infrastructure. Until long-term bandwidth issues are worked out and regulations such as on internet neutrality, TVs pushing into HDTV may begin to inhibit growth.
Aereo was launched in March 2012 in New York City (and then quit the broadcast in June 2014). This streaming network TV is only for New York customers over the Internet. Broadcasters file a lawsuit against Aereo, as Aereo captures the broadcast signal and streams content to Aereo customers without paying the broadcaster. In mid-July 2012, a federal judge sided with the Aereo start-up. Aereo plans to expand into every major metropolitan area by the end of 2013. The Supreme Court ruled against Aero June 24, 2014.
Market competitor
Many Internet television service providers exist - including conventional television stations that have taken advantage of the Internet as a way to continue showing television shows after they are broadcast, often advertised as "on demand" and "pursuit" services. Today, almost every major broadcaster worldwide operates the Internet television platform. Examples include the BBC, which introduced the BBC iPlayer on June 25, 2008 as an extension for "RadioPlayer" and existing streaming video clip content, and Channel 4 launching 4oD ("4 on Demand") (now All 4) in November 2006 allows users to watch recently viewed content. Most Internet television services allow users to view content for free; however, some content is charged.
Broadcast rights
Broadcasting rights vary from country to country and even within the province. These rights govern the distribution of copyrighted content and media and enable the single distribution of such content at one time. Examples of content that is only served in certain countries is BBC iPlayer. The BBC checks the user's IP address to ensure that only users who are in the UK can stream content from the BBC. The BBC only allows the free use of their products for users in the UK because the users have paid for a television license that partially funded the BBC. This IP address check is not easy because the user can access the BBC website via VPN or proxy server. Broadcasting rights may also be limited to allow broadcaster rights to distribute the content for a limited time. Channel 4 All 4 online service can only stream events created in the US by companies such as HBO for thirty days after being aired on one of Channel 4 group channels. This is to boost DVD sales for the company that produces the media.
Some companies pay enormous amounts for broadcasting rights with sports and US sitcoms usually take the highest price from UK-based broadcasters. The trend among major content producers in North America is the use of the "TV Everywhere" system. Especially for live content, Everywhere TV system limits video feed views to select Internet service providers, usually cable companies that pay for re-transmission or subscription fees to content producers. This often has the negative effect of making content availability dependent on the provider, with consumers having little or no choice whether they receive the product.
Benefits and costs
With the advent of broadband internet connections, some streaming providers have come to market in recent years. Major providers of Netflix, Hulu and Amazon. Some of these providers like Hulu advertise and charge a monthly fee. Others like Netflix and Amazon charge a monthly fee to users and do not have ads. Netflix is ​​the largest provider; has more than 43 million members and the number of members continues to grow. The advent of Internet TV has resulted in cable companies losing customers to new types of subscribers called "cable cutters". Cable cutters are consumers who cancel cable TV or subscribe to their satellite TV and instead opt to broadcast TV shows, movies, and other content over the Internet. Cable cutters form a community. With the increasing availability of video sharing websites (eg, YouTube) and streaming services, there are alternatives to cable and satellite television. Cable cutters tend to be younger.
Platform and availability overview
See also
References
External links
- The Future of IPTV List 2006-05-05
- As Internet TV Aims for Niche Viewers, Slivercast Born New York Times 2006-03-12
- The future star of TV will come from the web The Guardian 2008-09-11
- Your top web TV The Telegraph 2007-08-03
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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