Pollarding , a pruning system that involves the removal of the tree's upper branches, pushes the heads of leaves and dense branches. In ancient Rome, Property called the vote during the 1st century BC. This practice has been prevalent in Europe since the Middle Ages and occurs today in urban areas around the world, especially to preserve trees at predetermined altitudes.
Traditionally, people regard the tree as one of two reasons: for animal feed or for wood. Livestock polls produce "pollard hay", used as animal feed; they are trimmed with an interval of two to six years so that the materials of the jungle will be very abundant. Wood polls are trimmed at longer intervals of eight to fifteen years, a pruning cycle that tends to produce the preferred upright post for fences and poles, as well as for vessel construction. Willow or hazel bending branches can be harvested as materials for weaving baskets, fences, and garden constructions such as bower. Currently this practice is sometimes used for ornamental trees, such as myrtle trees in the southern states of the United States, although the resulting tree has a dwarf shape rather than a natural-looking crown.
One of the consequences of pollarding is that the buried trees tend to live longer than unobtrusive specimens because they are kept in a state of semi-adolescence and because they have no weight and wind at the top of the tree. Older polls often become concave, so it can be difficult to age accurately. Pollards tend to grow slowly, with a narrower growth ring in the years immediately after cutting.
Video Pollarding
Practice
Pollarding begins with walled cities in Europe that have no room for large trees. The smaller limbs produced can be used for heat and cooking.
As in slavery, the pollarding tradition is encouraging trees to generate new growth regularly to maintain new wood supply for various purposes, especially for fuel. In some areas, dried leafy branches are kept as winter fodder for supplies. Depending on the use of cut material, the length of time between cuts will vary from one year to straw or withies trees, up to five years or more for larger timber. Sometimes, only a few stems that grow back can be cut in one season - this is thought to reduce the chances of tree death when repeating long-neglected burials.
Pollarding is preferable to slavery in wooden pastures and other grazing areas, because animals will trace the regrowth of tuberous stools. Historically, the right to pollard or "lop" is often given to locals for fuel on public lands or in the royal forest; this is part of Estover's right.
The incidental effect of pollarding in the forest is the growth boost of the bushes due to the increase in light levels reaching the forest floor. This can increase species diversity. However, in forested areas where pollarding was once common but has now ceased, the opposite effect occurs, because the side and top shoots develop into stem-sized branches. An example of this can be seen in Epping Forest in London/Essex, England, which was largely discussed until the end of the 19th century. Here, the light reaching the forest floor is very limited due to the thick growth of the grazed trees.
Collectors that are cut only about a meter or more above the ground are called stubs (or stubbs). It is often used as a marker in the bush or other forests. Stubs can not be used where the trees are crawled by animals, because buds grow below the line of exploration.
Although people coming to the United States from Europe continue their practice, experts believe that picking up an older tree damages the tree. Smaller members of the body grow from undeveloped wood, and weaker trees will not live longer and are more easily damaged by storms.
Maps Pollarding
Species
Like slavery, only species with strong epicermal growth can be made into pollard. In this species (which includes many broad-leaved trees but few conifers), the removal of the main apical stem releases the growth of many dormant buds under the bark at the bottom of the tree. This growthless tree, of course, dies without its leaves and branches. Some smaller tree species are not ready to form polls, as cutting the main stem stimulates growth from the base, effectively forming a bulbous faeces instead. Examples of good trees such as pollard include broad leaves such as beech (Fagus), oak tree ( Quercus ), maple ( Acer ), black locusts or false acacia ( Robinia pseudoacacia), hornbeams ( carpinus ), linden and lime ( tilia ), plane ( platanus ), horse chestnut ( Aesculus ), mulberry ( Morus ), East Redbud ( Cercis canadensis ), paradise tree ( Ailanthus altissima ), willow ( Salix ), and some conifers, such as yew ( Taxus ).
This technique is used in Africa for moringa trees to bring nutritious leaves into easier reach for harvesting. Pollarding is also used in urban forestry in certain areas for reasons such as tree size management, security, and health issues. This eliminates decaying or diseased branches to support the overall health of trees and removes live and dead twigs that can harm property and people, and increases the amount of spring foliage for aesthetic, shade and air quality reasons. Some trees can be rejuvenated by pollarding - for example, Bradford pear ( Pyrus calleryana "Bradford"), a beautiful flowering species when younger ones become brittle and heavy when old.
Oaks, when they are very old, can form new stems from the growth of pollard branches, the surviving branches that have separated themselves from the main branch naturally.
The origin and use of the term
"Poll" initially is the name for the top of the head, and "for poll" is a verb meaning "to cut hair". This use is extended to similar treatments on tree branches and animal horns. Pollard only means someone or something that has been surveyed (similar to "drunken" and "lazy" formations); for example, a cow without horns or cattle surveyed. Then, the pollard noun is used as a verb: "pollarding". Pollarding has now replaced the poll as a verb in the sense of forestry. Pollard can also be used as an adjective: "pollard tree".
See also
- Scroll
- Pruning fruit trees
- Complete
- Shredding
- Tree topping
- Bonsai
References
External links
- London UK Royal Parks
- Ã, "Pollard". The New Encyclopedia of Collier . 1921.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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