police dog , known in some English-speaking countries as " K-9 " or " K9 " (a "dog" homophone) who are specially trained to assist police and other law enforcement personnel. Their tasks include: searching for drugs and explosives, locating missing persons, finding evidence of crime scenes, and attacking people targeted by police. Police dogs have to remember some verbal cues and hand gestures. The most common breeds used are German Shepherd, Belgian Malinois, Bloodhound and Dutch Shepherd.
In many countries, the intentional harassment or killing of police dogs is a criminal offense.
Video Police dog
History
Initial history
Dogs have been used in law enforcement since the Middle Ages. The money was then tithed in the villages for the maintenance of the parachute dogs used to hunt down the criminals. In France, dogs were used in the 14th century at St. Malo. The Bloodhound used in Scotland is known as the "Slough dog" - the word "Sleuth", (meaning detective) comes from this.
Rapid urbanization in London in the nineteenth century raised public awareness about fostering lawlessness - an issue too large for law enforcement to handle at the time. As a result, private associations are formed to help combat crime. Night guards are employed to guard the premises, and are given firearms and dogs to protect themselves from criminals.
Modern era
One of the first attempts to use K9 in the Police was in 1889 by London Metropolitan Police Commissioner Sir Charles Warren. Warren's repeated failure to identify and capture serial killer Jack the Ripper has earned him slander from the press, including being criticized for not using a sniffer dog to track down the killer. He soon had two trained dogs trained for a simple test tracking performance from elsewhere of murderous crime. The result is far from satisfactory, with one dog biting the Commissioner and both dogs then escaping, requiring a police search to find them.
It was on the Continent that the dog was first used on a large scale. Police in Paris began using dogs against gang tamer at night, but the police department in Ghent, Belgium introduced the first organized police service dog program in 1899. This method soon spread to Austria-Hungary and Germany; in the last of the first scientific developments in the field occurred with experiments in breeding and dog training. German police chose German Shepherd Dog as the ideal breed for police work and opened the first dog training school in 1920 at Greenheide. The dogs are systematically trained in obedience to their officers and track and attack the criminals.
In Britain, the North East Railway Police were among the first to use police dogs in 1908 to stop the theft from the docks in Hull. In 1910, the railway police force was experimenting with other breeds such as Labrador Retrievers, Doberman Pinschers, and German Shepherds.
Maps Police dog
Training
For dogs to be considered for the Police Department, they must first pass a basic compliance training course. They must be able to obey orders from their handler without hesitation. This allows the officer to have complete control over how much power a dog should use against a suspect. Dogs trained in Europe are usually given orders in the native language of the country. Dogs were originally trained with this language for basic behavior, so it was easier for the officer to learn new words/commands, rather than retraining the dogs to new orders. This goes against the popular belief that Police Dogs are trained in different languages ​​so the suspect can not order the dog against the officer.
Dogs used in law enforcement are trained to be "one purpose" or "multiple purpose". Dogs with a single purpose are used primarily for backup, personal protection, and tracking. Dogs with a dual purpose, however, are more often trained. Dogs with the dual purpose of doing everything a dog does one purpose, and also detect either explosives or narcotics, however, they can not be trained to detect both. Dogs can only be trained for one or the other because dogs can not communicate with officers if they find explosives or narcotics. When a narcotics dog in the United States shows the officer that he or she finds something, the officer has a reasonable suspicion to look for whatever the dog warns (ie a bag or a vehicle) without a warrant.
Special police dog
- Sentry and attack K9s - These dogs are used to locate and subdue suspects or enemies, and provide security for sensitive or controlled areas.
- Search and save K9s (SAR) - This dog is used to search for suspects or to find missing persons or objects. Bloodhound is often used for this task.
- K9's detection or explosion - Some dogs are used to detect illicit substances such as drugs or explosives that can be carried on a person or the effect.
- Arson K9s
Popular breeds
Some breeds are used to enforce public order by chasing and holding suspects either by direct understanding or methods known as Bark and Hold. K9 like German Shepherd breed, has many qualities that make them applicable to the job. A successful K9 must be smart, aggressive, strong, and have good sense of smell. Many police dogs selected are male and remain not castrated to maintain their aggressive behavior, but there are female police dogs used to rescue, track, and find bombs and drugs. German Shepherd Dogs and Belgian Malinois are most often used because of their availability.
The famous dog breeds are:
- Basset Hound (looking for bombs and narcotics)
- Beagle (search for bombs, drugs Used worldwide)
- Belgian Malinois (protecting, attacking dogs, finding IEDs, finding evidence, finding drugs, transporting prisoners, tracing humans.)
- Bloodhound (odor specific ID, tracking, finding bombs, drugs, evidence.)
- Rottweiler (protection, attack dog)
- English Cocker Spaniel (firearms, bombs, money, drugs)
- Doberman Pinscher (protection, attack dog)
- Dutch Shepherd (protection, attack dog)
- Springer Spaniel (looking for bombs, drugs)
- German Shepherd (protection, attack dog, ground-based tracking and air-based tracking, finding human remains, finding drugs, finding IEDs, finding evidence)
- German Shorthaired Pointer (ground-based tracking and air-based tracking, finding drugs, finding evidence)
- Labrador Retriever (protection, dog attack, location bomb, drugs)
Retirement
Police dogs are retired if they are hurt to some extent where they will not fully recover, conceive, or raise puppies, or are too old or sick to continue working. Because many dogs are raised in the work environment for the first year of their life and retired before they can not perform, K9's work life is 6-9 years old.
If K9 is killed in their duties, they are rewarded with their human counterparts.
Usage by country
Australia
Australian Federal Police and other law enforcement agencies are known to employ K9 for security priorities such as airport assignments.
Belgium
The Belgian Canine Support Group is part of the country's federal police. It has 35 dog teams. Some dogs are trained to detect drugs, human remains, hormones or accelerated fires. About a third of them are trained dogs to find or identify living people. These teams are often placed in the quake areas to find people trapped in collapsed buildings. Federal police explosive detector dogs are attached to the Special Unit of the Federal Police.
Canada
Many Canadian municipalities use dog teams as a means of tracking down suspects. Most Canadian cities use bite and stifling techniques rather than skins and hold meaningful techniques after the dog is deployed, it bites the suspect until the dog's controller instructs him to release. This often results in serious and traumatic stab wounds for the suspect. A dog has a legal property status in Canada. Thus, the law of a developing case leads to an absolute responsibility for animal handlers who are deliberately released to intentionally injure a suspect. The dog is effective as a weapon.
In 2010, an Alberta Court judge from Justice Bangku lived criminal charges against Kirk Steele, a man who was almost shot to death by a police officer as he stabbed the officer's police dog. The judge found that the shooting was a cruel and unusual treatment and excessive force.
Police are asking for reasonable suspicion that they will find evidence to use dogs to sniff someone or their property in public. This is because using a dog to detect aromas is considered a search. The main exception to the rule is a dog from the Canadian Border Service Agency that is allowed to perform unsecured searches under section.99 of the Customs Act.
Denmark
There are a total of 240 active police dogs in Denmark, each ranked in one of three groups: Group-1, Group-2, and Group-3. The dogs in Group-1 are very experienced, and highly trained. Group 1 dogs usually range from four to eight years old and are used to patrol, rescue, search for biological evidence and major crime investigations. Group-2 dogs are employed for the same task as members of Group-1, but they do not participate in major crime investigations or seek biological evidence. Group-3 is a rookie rank for police dogs, and is only used for patrol operations. Danish police have been using law enforcement dogs since 1907, and only approved the German Shepherd Dog.
China
Hong Kong
The Police Dog Unit, (abbreviation: PDU; China: ???) founded in 1949, is a Hong Kong Police specialist under the direct command of the Special Operations Bureau. Their roles are crowd control, search and rescue, and detection of toxins and explosions. In addition, the Police Dog Unit is working with other departments for anti-crime operations.
Dutch
Dutch Dutch Police and Police (DLHP) Police are part of the landelijke politiediensten Corps (KLPD, National Police Service Agency) and support other units with specially trained horse and dog patrols. DLHP dogs are trained to recognize a specific aroma. They specialize in identifying scents (identifying aromas distributed by objects and persons), narcotics, explosives and firearms, detecting human remains, searching for drowning people and speeding up fire.
KLPD is just one of 26 police territories in the Netherlands. Each other region has its own K-9 unit. For example, the K-9 unit of the Amsterdam-Amstelland regional police has 24 patroldog handlers and 6 specialdog handlers and 4 instructors. This unit has 24 patroldogs, 3 explosive/firearms, 3 active narcotics dogs, 2 passive narcotics dogs, 2 identification aroma dogs, 1 crime scene dog and 1 USAR dog. They work on a 24/7 basis, each shift (07: 00-15: 00/15: 00-23: 00/23: 00-07: 00 local time), has at least 2 patrollers hand in patrol. Special dog handlers only work on holidays or after a call.
India
In India, the National Security Guard inaugurates the Malinois into the K-9 Unit, the Border Security Force and the Central Reserve Reserve using Rajapalayam as a guard dog to support the Army at the Kashmir border. Most of India's Local State Police use Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, and Doberman Pinscher in their Dog Squad. Delhi police have recruited many city street dogs to be trained for security purposes.
Italy
All law enforcement in Italy (Carabinieri, Polizia di Stato and Guardia di Finanza) has served many patrol dogs for Public Order, Anti-Drugs, Anti-Explosion, Search, and Rescue.
Russian
One of the most commonly used races in Russia is the German Shepherd. This is mainly because these dogs adapt to the climate of the country. The attack dog has been used for a long time, and continues to patrol the foot. These dogs are always tied up all the time and should wear a muzzle unless the dog is required to chase and arrest the suspect. These dogs must remain calm, tame, and unaffected by crowds or noise. Russian Police Dogs can react to any and all stimuli only if they are instructed to do so by their handler. They are a common sight in the public and often frighten the public. The German Shepherd is also used for tasks such as searching for dangerous fugitives, tracking down, and finally being selected as a multipurpose police and army. This remains common in most of the Soviet Union's Successional States.
Swedish
Swedish law enforcement acquired his first two dogs in 1910, when two police officers brought Airedale Terrier Cora and Leo shepherds from Hamburg to assist in police investigations, but regular use of K9 did not take off until the 1950s. The Swedish Police Authority currently deploys about 400 police dogs, who make up about 70 percent of German Shepherds and 20 percent of Malinois. The remaining 10 percent consist of various breeds, including Boxers, Labradors, and Springer Spaniels. But there is no requirement for dogs to be pure race, provided they meet the mental and physical requirements set by the police. Dogs 18-48 months of age are eligible for an entrance test for K9 training. Police dogs live with their carrier, and after retirement at 8-10 the operator often assumes ownership of the dog.
United Kingdom
Police forces across the country are hiring dogs and dog handlers and training schools are available to meet the increasing number of dogs.
There are more than 2,500 police dogs employed among various police forces in Britain, with the German Shepherd as the most popular type for public-purpose work. The Belgian Malinois is also increasingly popular; in 2008, a Belgian Malinois woman handled by PC Graham Clarke won the National Police Dog Test with the highest score ever recorded.
All British police dogs, regardless of the discipline they train, must be licensed for operational work. To obtain a license they must pass the test upon completion of their training, and again every year until they retire, which is usually at around age 8. The standards required to become operational are set by the Police Chiefs Association (ACPO) subcommittee of police dogs and reviewed periodically to ensure that training and licensing reflect the most appropriate methods and standards.
In 2011, a request for freedom of information by BBC British broadcasters to all 48 police forces in the UK revealed that between 2008-2010 196 police staff and 155 innocent community members were bitten by police dogs. A similar investigation in 2014 revealed that between 2011-2013 police dogs were involved in at least 150 attacks on innocent community members including two 10 year olds.
United States
Police dogs are widely used throughout the United States. The K-9 units are operated at the federal, state, local, and local levels and are used for a variety of tasks, similar to those of other countries. Their tasks generally include drug searches, bombs, and weapons detection and corpse search. The most common police dog used for daily chores is the German Shepherd, although other breeds may be used to perform certain tasks.
At the federal level, police dogs are rarely seen by the general public, although they can be seen in several airports that help Transportation Security Administration officials search for explosives and weapons or with Customs and Border Protection looking for narcotics and hidden persons. Some dogs can also be used by tactical components from bodies such as the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and Explosives, Federal Bureau of Investigation, and Marshall Service of the United States.
Most police agents in the United States - whether state, local, or local - use K-9 as a means of law enforcement. Often, even the smallest department operates a K-9 team of at least one dog, while officers from more metropolitan cities can be used to work with dozens. In the first case, police dogs usually serve all the needs that are deemed necessary, the most common understanding of suspects and the detection of narcotics, and teams are often called; in the latter case, however, individual dogs usually serve the individual purpose in which each animal is special, and the team usually serves a scheduled shift. In both cases, police dogs are almost always noticed by their specific handlers. K-9 is not often seen publicly, although special police vehicles used to carry dogs can be seen from time to time.
It is a crime to attack or kill federal law enforcement animals, and it is a crime in most states to attack or kill police animals. However, despite the common belief, police dogs are not treated as police officers for legal purposes, and attacking police dogs can not be punished in the same manner as attacking a police officer. Although many police departments officially swear dogs as police officers, this swearing is pure honor, and has no legal significance.
Police dogs also play a major role in American penitentiary systems. Many prisons and prisons will use specialized dog teams as a means of intervening in large-scale fights or riots by inmates. Also, many correctional systems will employ dogs - usually sniffer dogs - in search of escaped prisoners.
At the federal level, police dogs play an important role in internal security. Federal law enforcement officials use dogs to detect explosives or narcotics in major US transport hubs, such as airports. L. Paul Wagoner of the Canine Science Program at Auburn University and a police dog expert told the Homeland Preparedness News, "It is my view that detector dogs are an important component of national security - and they also provide a very real and proven evasion of terrorist activity. "
In October 2017, US House Oversight and Government Reform, the Intergovernmental Subcommittee held a hearing on whether there were enough supplies of dogs that could be trained as police dogs. Congressman Mike Rogers (R-AL) said that the ISIS-inspired attacks continue in the US and around the world "have pushed demand through the roof" for police dogs. During testimony at the subcommittee hearing, representatives of the American Kennel Club said that between 80-90 percent of dogs purchased by the US Department of Homeland Security and the US Department of Defense came from foreign vendors, mostly in Europe.
AS. Supreme Court case
United States Supreme Court is the highest federal court in the United States. It holds the verdict that the highest appeal jurisdiction over all federal, state and court cases.
Several US Supreme Court cases related to police dogs are:
- United States v. Place: The court ruled that sniffing one's personal belongings in a public place by a dog for the purpose of finding contraband is not considered a "search" under the Fourth Amendment./li>
- The City of Indianapolis v. Edmond: It is unconstitutional to set up checkpoints to detect evidence of "ordinary crimes". This case is caused by a drug checkpoint that uses Police dogs to sniff the car.
- United States v. Sharp: A dog sniffing the exterior of the vehicle is not a search under the Fourth Amendment, but if a dog enters the vehicle to sniff, it is a search. The case was ruled in favor of the officer because the dog jumped into the car, however, it was not encouraged by the attendant because it was the dog's natural instinct to get closer to the scent.
See also
- Detection Dog
- Florida v. Harris - The US Supreme Court case involving an officer's statement about the training/reliability of his dog, and his adequacy to establish possible causes
- Florida v. Jardines - The US Supreme Court case to determine whether dogs sniff at the front door of a house requires possible cause and search warrant
- Dogs in battle
- Nosework
References
External links
- National Police Canine Association (USA)
- The American Dog Taxi Association
- The North American Police Dog Working Association
- The Los Angeles County Dog Police Association
- Virginia National Police Dog Association
- The American Workers' Dog Association
- Education for Children's Worksheet on Police Dogs at EasyScienceforKids.
- FederaciÃÆ'³n Mundial del Pastor Belga
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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