Pace ( Portuguese pronunciation: Ã, [pa'ku] ) is a commonly used name to refer to some species of omnivorous South American freshwater serrasalmid fish associated with piranhas. Pacuha and piranha do not have the same teeth, the main difference is jaw alignment; The piranha has been pointed, the sharp teeth in the underbite are pronounced, while the pacemaker has squarer, toughened teeth, which are almost similar to human teeth, and underbite less severe, or slightly overbite. The pacemaker, unlike the piranha, mainly feeds on plant material and not meat or scales. In addition, the runway may reach a much larger size than piranhas, up to 1.08 m (3.5 ft) in total length and 40 kg (88 lb) by weight.
Video Pacu
Name
Common names are generally applied to fish classified under the following genera. Among these, the genera marked with stars * contains species in which commonly used English names include the word pacemaker.
- Colossoma *
- Metynnis
- Mylesinus ( Myloplus )
- Mylossoma
- Ossubtus
- Piaractus *
- Tomet
- Utiaritichthys
Each of these groups contains one or more separate species. For example, fish often found in pet stores known as black runways and stomach-red belly usually belong to species Colossoma macropomum and Piaractus brachypomus , respectively. A popular species among fish breeders is Piaractus mesopotamicus , also known as PÄ Mean Pacu or small-scale runway.
Pacu is a Brazilian origin/GuaranÃÆ' origin of Brazil. When large fish from the genus Colossoma enter the aquarium trade in the US and other countries, they are labeled pacemakers. In the Brazilian Amazon, the term pacemaker is generally reserved for small and medium fish at Metynnis , Mylossoma , Mylesinus and Myleus genera. Colossoma macropomum is known as tambaqui, whereas Piaractus brachypomus is known as pirapitinga. In Peru, both species ( Colossoma macropomum Maps Pacu
Classification
The pacemaker, along with their piranha relatives, is a characin fish, which means a kind of tetra, belonging to the Order of Characiformes. The classification of ongoing fish is difficult and often debatable, with ichthyologists basing rankings according to characteristics that may overlap irregularly. DNA research is sometimes confusing rather than clarifying the rank of the species. In the end, the classification can be rather arbitrary.
The pacemaker, together with the piranha, is now more classified into the Serrasalmidae family (formerly a subfamily of Characidae). Serrasalmidae means "jagged salmon family" and refers to the serrated keel that runs along the belly of these fish. However, the characteristics of teeth and eating habits further separate the two groups from each other.
Distribution and native habitat
Pacus comes from the tropics and subtropics of South America. They inhabit rivers, lakes, floodplains, and flooded forests in the Amazon, Orinoco, SÃÆ'Â £ o Francisco and RÃÆ'o de la Plata, as well as rivers in Guianas. Here they form part of the vast fauna of the Neotrophic fish. Their habitat preferences vary significantly depending on the exact species. Some species migrate.
As an exotic species
Pacus has been introduced to the wild in many places beyond their original reach, both in South America and other continents. They are sometimes released to increase local fishing, but others are released by aquarist when they outperform their aquarium. This is illegal in many countries and it is strongly advised not to do so. As they become established they can become invasive species that damage local ecosystems. In many areas where people have seen them may not last long because of the temperature. Among the large species of spur ( Colossoma
United States
Pacus has been established in Puerto Rico and singles have been arrested in many US states. The discovery has been reported in Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Iowa, Illinois, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Hampshire , New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wisconsin, and Wyoming. Among the many recent records are the pacemakers caught in the Delta California, near Stockton in 2015, two on Lake St. Clair in 2016 and one at Lake Huron in 2016.
Some wildlife state officials have suggested home aquarists who want to get rid of the overgrown runway to cut off the heads of the fish and dispose of them as rubbish. Habitattitude, a US national initiative led by the Aquatic Disorders Task Force (ANS), recommends humans dispose of fish through veterinarians or pet retailers, returns them to retailers, or donates them to local aquarium communities, schools, or aquatic businesses. In addition, fish raised with aquariums can be eaten (see Fish food ).
Europe
In August 2013, a runway was found in Scandinavian waters; a fisherman pulled a 21 cm (8 inch) specimen from ÃÆ'ËÅ"resund, a semi-brackish strait between Sweden and Denmark.
An angler fishing in the Seine in Paris, France catch a runway in August 2013.
In June 2016, a 20 cm (8 inch) runway was caught in a city pool in Tula, Russia.
In June 2017, a runway was accidentally caught during a fishing contest at Port of Drobeta Turnu Severin, Romania. Fish bite one of the fishermen, which causes a general warning issued in the area, until the fish's origin can be determined.
In August 2017, a pacemaker was captured on the Motala Strám river in Norrköping, Sweden.
Asia
Pacus has been established in tropical Asia, including Thailand and India.
New Guinea
The runway was introduced in 1994 to the Sepik River, and in 1997 to the Ramu river as a food source, due to overfishing of the native species. Local people blame the fish for native species that compete, including teenage crocodiles, as well as some attacks on humans. As a mainly vegetarian fish, the red-stomach nails also consume floating mats from vegetation in the Sepik River, which is operated as a breeding ground for fish and crocodiles and birds. Thus the entire ecosystem has become poor and the local population can not live as easily as it once was.
![HD] 3.3 FEET PACU! YOUTUBE RECORD! / 100cm Schwarzer Pacu ...](https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/blogger_img_proxy/AEn0k_swOrQZL_68wdh-aSzP1RwDjMJWxMKy4uwfyIgyLexVYO8AH4Q1gjHGPEzhmSv7MgaDcjcunJ3K7Kmlm-V9QRIXPxA-FNeAuM6QFdxYkW54hqJMl0XD1sa_auAzkHUWZdthBOWy36DM=s0-d "HD] 3.3 FEET PACU! YOUTUBE RECORD! / 100cm Schwarzer Pacu ...")
Importance for humans
In the area of ​​origin, pacus is fished and cultivated widely. Based on a study by IBAMA, Colossoma macropomum, Piaractus brachypomus and Mylossoma spp. all in the top-15 most-caught fish (by weight) in the Brazilian Amazon.
Aquaria
Pacemakers are usually sold as "vegetarian piranhas" for home aquarium owners. With the right equipment and commitment, the pacemaker has been known for making responsive pets. One example is Swish, a 75 cm (30 inches) runway owned for over 20 years by a Chinese restaurant (Kau Kau) in the Chinatown district of Seattle, Washington; an aquarium technician said about Swish, "She rubs her body on your arm, like a dog."
However, there are some questions whether the fish is a good choice for a typical aquarist. Although they are not aggressive carnivores like the piranhas, their devastating jaw system, used primarily to eat beans and nuts, can be dangerous. One toddler needs surgery after a runway (incorrectly reported as a piranha) biting his finger at Edinburgh Butterfly and Insect World in Scotland. Commenting on the incident, Deep Sea World's zoologist manager, Matthew Kane, warned, "Pacus will eat anything, even fingers writhing children."
If a large population of runways enters a non-native ecosystem, fish can have a very detrimental effect. The pet store sells runways as small as 5-8 cm (2-3 inches) and neglects to warn customers that fish growth is not inhibited by tank size, contrary to popular fish knowledge. "Most British merchants now refuse to save this species because of the large size and expensive aquarium requirements it requires," according to Matt Clarke, Practical Fishkeeping magazine. Unable to maintain a large aquarium, fans are overwhelmed with suspicion of releasing their runways into illegal wild waters. As a tropical fish, the runway will die in cold weather; as a newcomer to an ecosystem, the pacemaker can outperform the native species to obtain food, habitats, and other resources, or replace it by introducing parasites or exotic diseases. Most wildlife resource authorities prohibit the release of exotic fish, including runways, into the wild. Officials from a Texas lake have put a $ 100 reward on the runway caught there.
Game fish
In Appendix B of Through Brazilian Wilderness (see also online version), Theodore Roosevelt suggests, â € Å"For small fish like runners and piranhas commonly done by bass hook.â € Regarding the runway, he added:
"Lightweight sticks and reels will make it easier to catch the runway, we used to fish the last varieties in a quiet pond while letting the canoes fly, and always keeping some fish as bait for the big guys.We fished for the runways like the locals do, massaging the bath balls farina with water and placing it on the hook as bait.I should not be surprised, if possible, with carefully selected flies, to catch some fish that every once in a while we look up to the surface and drag some unfortunate insects under. "
Recently, rivers of South America including the Amazon have become a popular destination for recreational anglers, who go to fly fish for the runway. The International Game Fish Association has sponsored a fishing course for native Brazilian fishermen, who are usually accustomed to subsistence fishing, so they can work as a guide for fishing travelers.
When the fishing lures in the pond are piled up, anglers in Malaysia are advised to use hook circles, size 2 or larger, and braided leather rather than nylon leaders easily broken by the pacemaker. Because the pacemaker often bites the bait before picking it up, the angler must let them swim with the bait. If the angler only allows the line to tighten, the hook circle will slide to the side of the fish's mouth and embed a point there.
Fish food
Theodore Roosevelt writes about the capture and feeding of runways in his book Through the Brazilian Wilderness . He described them as "good-sized, big-bodied fish," and noted, "They eat well."
Today, the Amazon River is experiencing an excessive fishing crisis. Both subsistence fishermen and their commercial rivals compete in a large number of runways, bringing good prices in markets in Brazil and abroad.
Aquaculture can reduce fishing crises, and increase food security by increasing the supply of fish. Various species of runways are increasingly being used for fishing in warm water farms around the world. Runways are considered ideal for their tolerance of low-oxygen water in farm ponds. They also do not require a lot of expensive protein in their diet, and can be upgraded throughout the year in a warm or temperature controlled environment.
Research shows that "the taste of [farming] is comparable to hybrids, tilapia, and rainbow trout, but superior to catfish." In South America, the pacemaker is appreciated for its sweet and tender taste.
The aquarium generated rotor can be cooked and eaten, but care must be taken to ensure that no toxic drugs are used in the aquarium. Recipe and preparation instructions are provided on the website of the Greater Seattle Aquarium Society.
Incorrect claim of testis-bite
In 2013, a runway caught on ÃÆ'ËÅ"resund, the strait between Sweden and Denmark. This led to media reports mistakenly warning that fish could attack the testicles. The reports are based on jokes (referring to their real food on tree nuts) that are not meant to be taken seriously. Nevertheless, their powerful jaws are made to destroy the seeds and the same means that fishermen and aquariers are sometimes warned about the powerful bites that can cause traumatic injuries.
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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