In Freudian psychoanalysis, the term oral stages or hemitaxia indicates the first stage of psychosexual development in which the baby's mouth is its primary sexual sensitivity zone. Spanning the period of life from birth to 18 months, the oral stage is the first of the five stages of Freudian psychosexual development: (i) oral, (ii) anal, (iii) phallic, (iv) latent, and (v) genitalia. In addition, because it is the baby's first human relationship - biological (nutritious) and psychological (emotional) - its duration depends on the parenting habit of the maternal community. Sociologically, the duration of nursing of children is determined normatively; in some general societies for a child to be cared for by its mother for several years but in others this period is much shorter.
Video Oral stage
Fixation of the oral stage
Psychologically, Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) proposed that if the appetite of breastfeeding children is thwarted during the libidinal developmental stage, anxiety will persevere until adulthood as neurosis (functional mental disorder). Therefore, oral fixation bile ( oral desire ) will manifest as an obsession with oral stimulation; However, if weaned too early or too late, the baby may fail to resolve the oral emotional conflict of the first stage of psychosexual development and may develop maladaptive oral fixation.
Babies who are ignored (under-fed) or over-fed during treatment, may be an orally focused person. The oral stage fixation may have two effects: (i) the abandoned child may become a psychologically dependent adult constantly seeking for rejected oral stimulation in infancy, thus becoming manipulative in fulfilling his needs, rather than being self-reliant; (ii) overly protected children may deny maturation and re-depend on others in meeting their needs. Theoretically, oral stage fixation is manifested as garrulousness, smoking, continuous oral stimulus (eating, chewing things), and alcoholism. Psychologically, the symptoms include sarcastic, oral sadistic personality, biting nails, oral sexual practices (fellatio, cunnilingus, analingus, irrumatio), and others.
Maps Oral stage
Criticism
Since Freud's presentation of the theory of psychosexual development in 1905, there is no evidence to suggest that older breastfeeding may lead to oral stage fixation, nor to contribute to a person becoming disabled or developing an addiction (psychological, physiological). Pediatrician Jack Newman proposes that breastfeeding a child until he chooses to wean (c) 2-4 years old generally results in a more psychologically secure, self-sustaining person. Contrary to the Freudian psychosexual development concept of oral stage fixation, the duration of breastfeeding and the Smoking Incident (2003), a study of 87 participants reported no causal relationship between the breastfeeding period and whether or not an adult child became a person who smoked.
See also
- Amphimixis
- Psychosexual development
References
Further reading
- Mobbs, E. J. (June 4, 1990). "Suckling and Milk Production". The Medical Journal of Australia . The Australasia Medical Publishing Company. 152 (11): 616. ISSNÃ, 0025-729X. PMID 2348798.
External links
- Freud's Psychosexual Stage
Source of the article : Wikipedia
0 Comments