hashtag is a type of metadata tag used on social networks like Twitter and other microblogging services, allowing users to implement dynamic tagging, created by users that allows others to easily find messages with theme-specific or content; this allows easy taxonomic markup of the people's taxonomy without the need for a formal taxonomy or markup language.
Users create and use tags by placing a pound mark or pound mark # (also known as a hash character) in front of a string of alphanumeric characters, usually words or phrases without spaces, at or at the end of a message. Hashtag can contain letters, numbers, and underscores. Searching for the hashtag will generate every message that has been marked with it. A hashtag archive is aggregated into one stream under the same hashtag. For example, in the Instagram photo sharing service, the hashtag #bluesky lets users find all the tagged posts using the hashtag.
Due to its widespread use, hashtags were added to Oxford English Dictionary in June 2014. The term hashtags can also refer to the hash symbol itself. when used in a hashtag context.
Formal taxonomy can be developed from a machine-readable machine taxonomy with markup given a hashtag; this process is called folksonomy.
Origin and use
US pound marks, number marks or "hash" symbols are often used in information technology to highlight special meanings. ("Pound sign" in English means "Ã, Â £"; "#" is called hash, gate, and occasionally okothorpe.) In 1970, for example, the number marks were used to indicate the address immediately mode in PDP-11 assembly language when placed next to a symbol or number. In 1978, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie used # in the C programming language for special keywords that had to be processed first by the preprocessor C. In the 1986 SGML standard, ISO 8879: 1986 (qv), # the reserved name indicator (rni) that precedes the literal syntax keyword, - for example, the primitive content token #PCDATA, used to describe character data.
The pound mark was adopted for use in IRC networks around 1988 to label groups and topics. Channels or topics available across IRC networks start with # hash symbols (compared to local ones to servers, which use ampersand '& amp;').
The use of the pound mark on the IRC inspires Chris Messina to propose a similar system that will be used on Twitter to mark interesting topics on microblogging networks. He posted the first hashtag on Twitter:
How do you feel using # (pounds) for a group. Like in #barcamp [msg]?
Messina's suggestion to use hashtags was not adopted by Twitter, but the practice took off after the tagar was widely used in tweets related to the 2007 San Diego forest fire in Southern California.
According to Messina, he suggests the use of hashtags to make it easier for "layman" users to search for content and search for specific relevant updates; they are people who have no tech knowledge to navigate the site. Therefore, hashtags "are created organically by Twitter users as a way of categorizing messages." Today they are for anyone, whether with or without technical knowledge, to easily impose enough annotations to be useful without the need for a more formal system or follow many technical details.
Internationally, hashtags became the writing style practice for Twitter posts during the 2009-2010 Iranian election protests; Twitter users inside and outside Iran use English and Persian tags in communication during the event.
The first usage published from the term "hash tag" is in a blog post by Stowe Boyd, "Hash Tags = Twitter Twitter," on August 26, 2007, according to lexicographer Ben Zimmer, chairman of the New Words Committee of the American Dialect Society.
Starting on July 2, 2009, Twitter began to link all hashtags in tweets to Twitter search results for hashtags (and for standard spellings of typically misspelled words). In 2010, Twitter introduced "Trending Topics" on the front page of Twitter, featuring hashtags that quickly became popular. Twitter has an algorithm for handling spammy list attempts and ensuring naturally occurring hashtags trends.
Although hashtags started most popular on Twitter as the main social media platform for this usage, its usage has been extended to other social media sites including Instagram, Facebook, Flickr, Tumblr, and Google.
Video Hashtag
Style
Hashtag should start with a hash character followed by another character, and terminated by a space, or end of a message. It's always safe to precede "#" with spaces, and to enter letters without diacritics, numbers, and underscores. In many cases, other characters are also allowed, especially accented characters used in many languages, but handling can vary from one client to another, and over time as standards evolve. Discussions about the hashtag standard show that if # Romeo & amp; Juliet is used, different Twitter clients may link to #Romeo, # Romeo & amp;, or # Romeo & amp; Juliet. Hashtags are not case sensitive; search "#hashtag" will find "#HashTag". Use of embedded capitals (CamelCase) improves readability and avoids confusion; pen stores (real) would be advised to use #PenIsland instead of all lowercase. On microblogging and social networking sites, hashtags can be inserted anywhere in the text, often at the beginning or end, but also inside the text, usually as a word (eg "This is #sunny today").
Languages ​​that do not use letters are handled slightly differently. In China, Sina Weibo and Tencent Weibo microblogs use the # hashtag # hashtag double # HashName format, because the lack of distance between Chinese characters requires a closing tag. Twitter uses different syntax for Chinese characters and orthography with the same distance convention: hashtag contains unmarked characters, separated from previous and subsequent text with spaces (eg '? #?', Not '? # ??') or with zero - width of non-joiner characters before and after hashtagged elements, to maintain a natural linguistic appearance (shown as unbound '?? # ???', but with an invisible non-joiner restricting hashtags).
It's considered acceptable to flag a post once when it contributes to a particular conversation. Two hashtags are considered acceptable when adding locations to a conversation. Three tags are seen by some as "absolute maximum", and any contribution that exceeds this risk "raises community outrage."
As well as frustrating other users, abuse of hashtags can lead to account suspension. Twitter warns that adding hashtags to unrelated tweets, or repeated use of the same tag without adding a conversation, may cause the account to be filtered from search, or suspended.
Jimmy Fallon and Justin Timberlake sketched parodies of mistaken and misunderstood usage on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon in September 2013.
Maps Hashtag
Function
Hashtags are mostly used in non-moderated and ad hoc discussion forums; any combination of characters led by hash symbols, and any tags, if promoted by enough individuals, can "be trend" and attract more individual users to the discussion. On Twitter, when hashtags become very popular, hashtags will appear in the "Trending Topics" area on the user's homepage. Trending topics can be organized by geographic region or by all Twitter. Hashtags are not registered or controlled by a single user or group of users. They can not be "retired" from public use, which means that any given theoretically given tag may be used for good. They do not contain defined definitions, which means that one tagar can be used for a number of purposes, such as the one chosen by the author.
Tags meant for discussions about certain events tend to use obscure words to avoid attachment to common conversations on similar subjects, such as the cake festival using #cakefestival instead of just #cake. However, it can also complicate topics into "trending topics" because people often use different spellings or words to refer to the same topic. In order for a topic to be a trend, there must be consensus, either silent or declared, that the hashtag refers to a particular topic.
Hashtag also serves as a flare for users to find and "follow" (subscribe) or "list" (set to public contact list) other users who have similar interests.
Television broadcasters such as Channel 4 have used hashtags during transmission of programs such as First Date and The Undateables. Research has shown that the number of viewers increases when individuals can become interactive by tweeting when viewing the program.
Hashtag can be used on the Instagram social networking, by posting images and hashtagging with the subject. For example, photos of self and friends posted to social networks can have hashtagged #bffl or #friends. Instagram has banned certain hashtags, in part because it's too generic, like #photography #iPhone #iphoneography, and therefore does not meet one purpose. They also blocked hashtags that could be associated with illegal activities, such as drug use. The ban on certain hashtags has an important role in the way certain subaltern communities are built and maintained in Instagram. Regardless of the Instagram content policy, users find creative ways to defend their practices and ultimately avoid censorship.
Hashtags are also used informally to express the context around a given message, with no intent to categorize messages for later searches, sharing, or other reasons. One hashtag function is to serve as a reflexive meta-comment, contributing to the idea of ​​how written communication in new media can be aligned with how pragmatic methodology applies to speech.
It can help express contextual cues or offer more in-depth information or messages that come up with hashtags. "My arm darkens from minute to minute. #toomuchfaketan". Other functions of the hashtag can be used to express personal feelings and emotions. For example, with "It's Monday !! #excited #sarcasm" where adjectives directly show the emotions of the speaker. It can also be used as a disclaimer of information contained in the hashtag, as in, "BREAKING: US GDP growth is back! #kidding". In this case, the hashtag provides a piece of important information in which the meaning of the utterance is completely changed by the hashtag's disclaimer. This can also be submitted with #sarcasm, as in the previous example. Mocking is another informal function of the hashtag used by the authors, as in this tweet: "Feeling great about myself until I met an old friend who is now pursuing the Master level.Yup, there is today #lessoninhumility," where the hashtag's information has a comment on the tweet itself.
Other uses
This feature has been added to other, non-short messaging oriented services, such as user commenting systems on YouTube and Gawker Media. In the latter case, hashtags for blog comments and submitted comments are directly used to maintain a more constant level of user activity even when paid employees do not enter the website. Real-time search aggregators like Google Real-Time Search also support hashtags in syndicated posts, which means the hashtag inserted into Twitter posts can be hyperlinked to posts that fall under the same hashtag; This further allows the "stream" view of Twitter posts that can be generated from search terms or hashtags.
Usage
Broadcast media
Hashtag usage has been extended to television? -? The concept began to increase in the early 2010s. Broadcasters can display hashtags as bugs on screen, encouraging viewers to participate in backchannel discussions via social media before, during, or after the program. TV ads sometimes contain hashtags for the same purpose. Hashtag bugs appear in one corner of the screen, or they may appear at the end of an ad.
While broadcast-related personalities, such as hosts and correspondents, also promote their corporate or personal Twitter names to receive titles and reply to posts, use of related or "branded" hashtag along with Twitter usernames (eg #edshow and @ edshow) driven as a microblogging style for "hashtag" trends (and, hence, discussion topics) on Twitter and other search engines. Broadcasters also use such styles to index selected posts for live events. Chloe Sladden, director of Twitter media partnership, identified two types of use of formatted hashtags on television: a tag that identifies the broadcast series (ie #SunnyFX) and the temporary "temporary" hashtag issued by television figures to measure topical responses from viewers during the broadcast. Some people speculate that a hashtag might replace (or coexist with) the Nielsen television rating system.
An example of the trendy "temporary" hashtags, which gathered viewers during the broadcast, was observed on the The Tonight Show with Jimmy Fallon, various NBC talk shows. Every Wednesday, Fallon hosts a segment on his show titled "Tonight Show Hashtags," which involves viewers by inviting them via Twitter to post funny stories based on certain tagar topics, like #WihidIsaythat, #Worstfirstdate, to #Onetimeinclass, reflecting on a funny experience in everyday life -day. Using tags, Fallon creates a sense of community and solidarity among viewers and attracts more viewers through online platforms as they watch classic and non-interactive television programs. Due to its popularity, "Tonight Show Hashtags" is usually the most-tweeted "hashtag" on Twitter, which promotes the show. By engaging audiences with light subjects and simple hashtags, Fallon can measure topical responses from viewers during the broadcast and also use hashtags to serve his show.
The increase in use of hashtags as a brand promotion tool has been compared to AOL's "branded" keyword campaigns in the late 1990s and early 2000s, as they were also promoted at the end of television commercials and series episodes.
The late-night comedy show @midnight with Chris Hardwick at Comedy Central featured a daily game titled "Hashtag Wars," in which three comedians competed with each other to produce phrases based on a given hashtag theme.
Some tags have become famous all over the world. For example the slogan "Je Suis Charlie, " was first used on Twitter as hashtag # jesuischarlie and #iamcharlie to show solidarity with Charlie Hebdo offices attacked in Paris, spreading to the internet extensively.
Purchase
Since February 2013, Twitter and American Express have collaborated to allow users to pay for discounts online by tweading a special hashtag. American Express members can sync their cards with Twitter and pay bids by tweeting; American Express tweeted a response to a member confirming the purchase.
Event promotion
Real organized world events have used ad hoc tags and lists for discussion and promotion among participants. Hashtag is used as a beacon by event participants to find each other, both on Twitter and, in many cases, during actual physical events.
Advocacy companies and organizations have taken advantage of hashtag-based discussions for their promotional products, services, or campaigns.
Political and campaign protests in early 2010, such as #OccupyWallStreet and # LibyaFeb17, have been organized around hashtags or have been using hashtags extensively for promotional discussions.
Consumer complaints
Hashtag is often used by consumers on social media platforms to complain about customer service experience with large companies. The term "bashtag" has been created to describe a situation in which users refer to a social media hashtag to criticize a company or tell others about bad customer service. For example, in January 2012, McDonald's created a #McDStories tag so customers can share positive experiences about restaurant chains. However, marketing efforts were canceled after two hours when McDonald's received many tweet complaints rather than the positive stories they anticipated.
Analysis of sentiment
The use of the hashtag also reveals what feelings or sentiments are attached by the author to a statement. This can range from the obvious, where the hashtag directly describes the state of mind, to the less obvious. For example, words in a hashtag are the strongest predictor of whether a statement is sarcastic or not - a difficult AI problem.
Sports
YouTuber Spencer FC uses tags for the name and emblem of the YouTube-based football association team, Hashtag United F.C..
Since the 2012-13 season, the National Basketball Association (NBA) has allowed fans to choose players as an All-Star Game Starter on Twitter and Facebook using #NBAVOTE. Facebook tweets and posts must include #NBAVOTE along with the first and last names of players or Twitter handles.
In popular culture
During the Canadian party's party debate in April 2011, Jack Layton, leaders of the New Democratic Party, refers to Conservative Prime Minister Stephen Harper's crime policy as "failed hashtag" (perhaps #fail).
The term "hashtag rap", coined by Kanye West, was developed in 2010 to describe the rap style that, according to Rizoh of Houston Press, uses three main ingredients: metaphors, pauses, and one-word maxims, often placed at the end of the poem ". Nicki Minaj's Rapper, Big Sean, Drake, and Lil Wayne are credited with popularizing rap hashtag, while styles are criticized by Ludacris, The Lonely Island, and various music writers.
On September 13, 2013, the hashtag, #TwitterIPO, appeared on the frontline article headline of the Twitter public offering.
Eye Foods Birds released in 2014 are mashed shaped mashed food which includes the @ shape - symbols and hashtags, called "Mashtags".
In May 2014, Twitter users began using the hashtag #YesAllWomen to raise awareness about the personal experience of sexism and violence against women.
In September 2014, in response to the public reaction of "blaming the victim" to NFL video footage Ray Rice, attacking her fiancée at Janay Palmer at the Atlantic City casino lifts, Beverly Gooden shared on her own Twitter account of domestic abuse, using hashtag # WhyIStayed, and encourage others to share it.
Hashtags have been used verbally to make funny points in informal conversations, such as "I have a hashtag confused!" In August 2012, British journalist Tom Meltzer reported on The Guardian about new hand movements that mimic the tagar, sometimes called "finger hashtags", in which both hands form a sign of peace, and then the fingers are crossed to form a hashtag symbol. The emerging gestures are reported on Wired by Nimrod Kamer, and during 2013, it was spotted on TV as used by Jimmy Fallon, and at The Colbert Report among other programs. Writing in 2015, Paola Maria Caleff considers this use a trend, but notes that people talk the way they write is a consequence of computer-mediated communication.
Adaptation
- Hashflags: In 2010, Twitter introduced "hashflags" during the 2010 World Cup in South Africa. They reintroduced the feature on June 10, 2014, in time for the 2014 World Cup in Brazil, and then again on April 10, 2015, with the British political party logo for the 2015 British Election. When a user tweets a tagar consisting of three the country code letter from one of 32 countries represented in the tournament, Twitter automatically embeds flag emoticons for the country. A similar system is applied to the Eurovision Song Contest 2015 in Vienna, Austria.
- Cashtag: In 2009, StockTwits used a ticker symbol beginning with a dollar sign to create "cashtags". In July 2012, Twitter adapted the hashtag style to create a company ticker symbol preceded by a clickable dollar sign (as in $ AAPL), a method dubbed Twitter as "cashtag". This is intended to let users search for posts that discuss companies and their shares. It's also used for discussions about currency fluctuations on Twitter, e.g. using #USDGBP or $ USDGBP when mentioning the US Dollar level stated in Pounds Sterling.
References
External links
- the Wikipedia hashtag search engine - for the hashtag used in the edit summary
- Veszelszki, ÃÆ' gnes 2016: time, #truth, #tradition. Instagram-Text relationships: photos and hashtags. In: Benedek, AndrÃÆ'¡s; Veszelszki, ÃÆ' gnes (eds.): In the beginning was Picture: Finesse Picture: Time, Truth, Tradition. Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, pp. 139-150.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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