The grinder cylinder is a type of milling machine used to form the outside of an object. Cylindrical grinders can work on different shapes, but objects must have a central axis of rotation. These include but are not limited to shapes such as cylinders, ellipses, cams, or crankshafts.
Cylinder grinding is defined as having four important actions:
- Work (object) must continue to spin
- The grinding wheel should be constantly spinning
- The grinding wheel is fed in and away from work
- Either work or grinding wheels are traversed with regard to the others.
While most grinding cylinders use all four motions, there are grinders that use only three of the four actions.
Video Cylindrical grinder
Histori
The origins of the cylinder grinder, like all other modern machine tools, are derived from the experiments and discoveries of John Wilkinson and later Henry Maudslay who built the first horizontal drill machine and the first lathe, respectively. Cylindrical grinders have many developments from the beginning of the Industrial Revolution, especially for the emergence of reliable and cheap steel production, and then grinding wheel repairs. The basis for a modern cylinder grinder was first built in 1830 by two independently working people, Jonathan Bridges and James Wheaton. It is not clear who first produced the machine but both are closely related to the first historical look of modern tools. It took another 40 years before further refinement and refinement of the tool took place.
The Brown & amp; The Sharpe Company in Providence, RI is one of the first builders of Willcox & amp; Gibbs Sewing Machine, one of the first precision machines used in residential environments. Joseph Brown believed that the stem and needle stem of the sewing machine must be made of hardened tool steel. It is this desire that causes them to experiment with building cylindrical grinders. The first attempt is only a small lathe with a grinding wheel mounted on it. Further efforts led to the cylindrical grinder shown at Centennial Exposition 1876 and subsequent patents.
It is important to note that Brown & amp; Sharpe can not be granted the only credit for pioneering progress in cylindrical milling. A man in Waltham, Massachusetts, Ambrose Webster had created a small grinding machine in 1860 that contained all the Brown & amp; Sharpe claimed to be their own original invention. What's more, the emphasis on precision, accuracy, and reliability is championed by Charles Norton.
Norton is an employee of Brown & amp; Sharpe is out of the company with a desire to continue his belief that the cylindrical grinder is not only a finishing tool but can be a staple of a machine shop. He founded Norton Grinding Company, where he continued to increase cylindrical grinders to use faster rpm values ​​and more precise grinding tolerances. He was recognized for his work on April 18, 1925 when he won The John Scott Medal and Premium for the invention of "accurate milling devices of high strength". These standards developed by Norton are the status quo until about the middle of the 20th century.
The remaining technological innovations that apply to cylindrical grinders are almost identical and entangled in the sense, to all machine tools. Innovation from the last 70 years can be characterized by three waves of change. The first wave was the creation of numerical control by John T. Parsons in the 1940s. The US Air Force, which is looking for a faster, cheaper, and more efficient way of aircraft parts and equipment production, played a major role in developing the NC both politically and financially. The first NC implementation in machine tools took place in the 1950s and continued into the 1960s. The second wave of innovation, which occurred during the 1970s and 1980s, was marked by the massive demand for microcomputers to be used to steer NCs. The joining of computers marked the birth of the Computer Numerical Control which once again revolutionized the cylindrical grinding ability. Now the machine can receive instructions from the computer that will give precise instructions on every imaginable dimension and measurements required to produce the desired product. This is a totally different work environment compared to medieval production where a worker must point the machine at any point on how to manipulate the work. The third wave of change occurred in the 1990s with the advent of Personal Computer. Integrating CNCs and PCs into a single dynamic system allows for further control over manufacturing processes that require little human supervision.
Maps Cylindrical grinder
Type
There are five types of cylinder milling: outer diameter milling (OD), inner diameter (ID) milling, grinding, creep feed mill, and centerless milling.
Outside diameter mill
OD milling is a grinding that occurs on the external surface of an object between the centers. Centers are end units with dots that allow objects to be rotated. The grinding wheel is also rotated in the same direction when in contact with the object. This effectively means two surfaces will move in the opposite direction when a contact is made that allows for smoother operation and less chance of stuck.
Milling inner diameter
The grinding ID is a grinding that takes place inside an object. The grinding wheel is always smaller than the width of the object. The object is held in place by the collet, which also rotates the object in place. Just as with OD milling, grinding wheels and rotating objects in the opposite direction provide a reverse direction contact of the two surfaces where the grinding occurs. See also Grinding ID.
Plunge grinding
A form of OD milling, but the main difference is the grinding wheel makes continuous contact with a single point object rather than traversing the object.
Creep feed mill
Feeds Creep is a grinding form in which the full cutting depth is removed in a single row of wheels. Successful operation of these techniques can reduce production time by up to 50%, but often the milling machine used should be specially designed for this purpose. This form occurs in cylinder and surface grinding.
No center milling
The centerless mill is a mill in which there is no collet or pair of centers that hold objects in place. In contrast, there is a regulator wheel placed on the opposite side of the object to the grinding wheel. Working breaks keep objects at a suitable height but have nothing to do with their rotational speed. The workblade tilts slightly toward the regulator wheel, with the center line of the workpiece above the centerline of the regulating wheel and grinding; this means that the high points are not likely to produce opposite opposite points, and hence the roundness of the parts can be increased. Centerless grinding is much easier to combine with automatic loading procedures than centralized grinding; throughfeed grinding, in which the regulator wheel is held slightly to the part so there is a force that feeds the part through the grinder, very efficiently.
Control method
There are three basic ways in which the operator can interact with the cylinder grinder. Either manually manual manipulation, Numerical Control with a perforated card system or using Computer Numerical Controls using an existing interface designed for that machine or by using the PC as an interface to communicate with the grinder. The first two options are rarely used today. The CNC-operated cylinder grinder is the most sophisticated, efficient and reliable system in the manufacturing industry.
Apps
Cylindrical grinders are responsible for a large number of innovations and discoveries in the development of science and technology. Any situation where precise metal work is required, a cylindrical grinder can provide a level of precision that is unlike any other machine tool. From the automotive industry to military applications, the benefits of cylindrical grinders have given us immutable.
See also
- Grinding (harsh cut)
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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