There is no global consensus on the recommended maximum recommended intake (or safe limit ) of drug alcohol (also known formally as ethanol). The guidance provided by government health agencies varies and is shown below. This recommendation regarding maximum intake differs from any legal constraint (eg Driving after consuming alcohol) that may be applicable in those countries. The American Heart Association recommends that those who have not consumed alcoholic drinks should not start doing so because of the long-term negative effects of alcohol consumption.
Video Recommended maximum intake of alcoholic beverages
Peringatan
The recommended limits for daily or weekly consumption provided in various country guidelines generally apply to the average healthy adult. However, many guidelines also establish the conditions under which alcohol intake should be more restricted or eliminated. They may establish that, inter alia, people with liver, kidney, or other chronic diseases, cancer risk factors, smaller body size, younger or older, those who have experienced problems with mental health, sleep disorders, alcohol dependence or drugs or those who have close family members who have, or who are taking medications that may interact with alcohol, or suffer or recover from illness or accidents, are urged to consider, consult their health professional, different levels of alcohol use, including abatement or abstention. Furthermore, the maximum amount allowed shall not apply to those involved with activities such as operating vehicles or machinery, at-risk sports or other activities, or those responsible for the safety of others.
Maps Recommended maximum intake of alcoholic beverages
Standard units and drinks
The guidelines generally provide the recommended amount measured in grams (g) of pure alcohol. Some guidelines also disclose alcohol intake in the unit or standard drink when recommending a maximum alcohol intake. Standard beverage sizes vary widely, as do the recommended amount of drinks per day or week, among various guides. The listed amount is not intended as a recommendation for how much alcohol drinks should contain, but rather to provide a general reference that people can use to measure their intake, although they may or may not fit the typical portion sizes in their country.
In North America, a standard beverage corresponds to a typical 12 fl. ons a bottle of beer ABV 5%, 5 fl. ons of wine ABV 12%, or 1,5 fl. ons of 40% ABV booze. Due to the different size of the US and Canadian ounces, the actual amount of alcohol is slightly different. In Europe the most common standard beverage size is 10g of pure alcohol, making a typical 330ml bottle of 4.8% ABV beer corresponding to 1.2 drinks or 500 ml bottles of 1.9 drinks; 100ml of 11% wine is 0.9 drinks, and 40 ml of shot from 33% alcoholic drinks equal to 1.0, while in countries using 12g, the same portion are 1.0, 1.6, 0.7, and 0.9 drinks. Research has shown that most people find it difficult to understand and define exactly what a standard drink is, and consistently underestimate how much they drink.
The amount of pure alcohol is expressed in tables in grams and milliliters. The standard drink amount contained in 500 ml of beer from 5% ABV (typical large beer drink, similar to pint of US 473ml) is declared for comparison.
Jumlah alkohol dalam minuman apa pun dihitung dengan rumus:
Misalnya, 0,35 liter gelas bir dengan ABV 5,5% memiliki 15,2 gram alkohol murni. Alkohol murni memiliki kepadatan 789,24 g/l (pada 20 ° C).
Pria
The standard beverage size is given in brackets.
Maximum daily drink (no recommended weekly restrictions)
- Australia: 2/day; 14/week (@ 10 g = 20 g/day, 140 g/week) (New guidelines adopted on March 6, 2009.)
- Austria: 24g
- Czech Republic: 24 g
- Germany: 24 g/day
- Hong Kong: 2/day (20g)
- Italy: 40 g (30 g for parents)
- Japan: 1-2 (@ 19.75 g = 19.75-39.5 g)
- Netherlands: 10g (0g recommended)
- Portugal: 37 g
- Spanish: 3 (@ 10 g = 30 g) Also suggest maximum no more than twice on one occasion.
- Sweden: 20g
- Switzerland: 3 (@ 10g = 30g) for men and 2 (@ 10g = 20g) for women
Therefore, these countries recommend limits for men in the range of 20-40 g per day.
Daily/Weekly maximum drinks
These countries recommend weekly limits, but intake on certain days may be higher than one-seventh of the weekly amount.
- Canada: Based on a standard drink of 13.6g, no more than: 3 (40.8 g)/day most days, 15 (204 g)/week, or 4 (54.4 g) chance.
- New Zealand: Based on a 10g standard drink, to reduce long-term health risks, no more than: 3 (30 g)/day; 15 (150 g)/week. At least two days alcohol-free every week To reduce the risk of injury per chance: no more than 5 standard drinks (50 g) at every opportunity.
- US: 1-2 units/day (14-28 g/day) (Ã,½ -1 l.Ã, oz./hari), not exceeding 14 units/week (196 g/wk) (6, 5 fl. Ã, oz./wk)
Therefore, these countries recommend limits for men in the range of 27.2-32 g ethanol per day and 168-210 g ethanol per week.
Weekly maximum drink
- Denmark: 168 g
- Finnish: 15 units (@ 11 g = 165 g/week)
- Ireland: 21 units (@ 10 g = 210 g/week)
- English: 14 units (@ 8 g = 112 g/week)
Women who are not pregnant or breastfeeding
Women who try to get pregnant should look at the guidelines for pregnant women given in the next section.
daily maximum beverage (no recommended weekly limit)
- Australia: 2/day; 14/week (@ 10 g = 20 g/day, 140 g/wk)
- Austria: 16g
- Czech Republic: 16 g
- Germany: 12 g/day
- Hong Kong: 1/day (10g)
- Italy: 30 g (25 g for elderly women)
- Netherlands: 2 (@ 9,9 g = 19,8 g)
- Portugal: 18.5 g
- Spanish: 2 (@ 10 g = 20 g) Also suggest maximum no more than twice on one occasion.
- Sweden: 10 g
- Switzerland: 2 (@ 10-12 g = 20-24 g)
Therefore, these countries recommend limits for women in the range of 10-30 g per day.
Daily/Weekly maximum drinks
These countries recommend weekly limits, but your intake on certain days may be higher than one-seventh of the weekly amount.
- Canada: Based on a standard drink of 13.6g, no more than: 2 (27.2 g)/day most days, 10 (136 g)/week, or 3 (40.8 g) chance.
- New Zealand: Based on a 10g standard drink, to reduce long-term health risks, no more than: 2 (20 g)/day; 10 (100 g)/week. At least two days alcohol-free per week To reduce the risk of injury per chance: no more than 4 standard drinks (40 g) on ​​any single occasion
- AS: 1/day; 7/week (@ 14g = 14 g/day, 98 g/week)
Therefore, these countries recommend limits for women in the range of 14-27.2 g per day and 98-140 g per week.
Weekly maximum drinks
- Denmark 84 g
- Finnish: 10 units (@ 11 g = 110 g/week)
- Ireland: 14 units (@ 10g = 140g/week)
- English: 14 units (@ 8 g = 112 g/week)
Pregnant women
Excessive drinking in pregnancy is the cause of fetal alcohol syndrome (BE: fetal alcohol syndrome), especially in the first eight to twelve weeks of pregnancy. Therefore, pregnant women receive special advice. It is not known whether there is a minimum amount of safe alcohol consumption, although low levels of drinking are not known to be harmful. Because there may be several weeks between pregnancy conception and confirmation, most countries recommend that women who try to conceive should follow guidelines for pregnant women.
- Australia: Absent total during pregnancy and if planning for pregnancy
- Canada: "Do not drink if you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant."
- French: Disconnect Iceland: Convey that pregnant women abstain from alcohol during pregnancy because there is no safe consumption level.
- Israel: Women should avoid consuming alcohol before and during pregnancy
- Netherlands: Abstinence
- New Zealand: "Women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant should avoid drinking alcohol."
- Norway: Abstinence
- UK: Previously, the UK government's advice was to avoid alcohol during the first 3 months of pregnancy. NICE guidelines (2007) states, "If you are pregnant or plan to become pregnant, you should try to avoid alcohol completely in the first 3 months of pregnancy because there may be an increased risk of miscarriage If you choose to drink while you are pregnant, you should drink no more than 1 or 2 units of UK alcohol once or twice a week. There is uncertainty about how much alcohol is safe to take in pregnancy, but at this low level there is no evidence of harm to your unborn baby You should not get drunk or binge drinking ( drink more than 7.5 units of alcohol in the UK at one time) when you are pregnant because this can harm the unborn baby. "But the draft guidelines of the UK Department of Health, released in January 2016 now recommend avoiding alcohol altogether if pregnant or planning pregnancy.
- US: Break up completely during pregnancy and when planning to become pregnant
In short, all the countries listed above now recommend that women abstain from alcohol consumption if they are pregnant or possibly pregnant.
Breastfeeding women
"Alcohol flows to the baby in small amounts in the milk, it will smell different from the baby and can affect their food, sleep or digestion.The best advice is to avoid drinking just before breastfeeding." "Alcohol inhibits the disappointment of the mother (release of milk to the nipple.) Research has shown that babies take about 20% less milk if there is alcohol, so they should feed more often - even though the baby has been known to go 'breastfeeding strikes' which is changing. "" There is little evidence of available research on the effects [[alcohol in breast milk] has on infants, although practitioners report that, even at relatively low drinking levels, it can reduce the amount of milk available and cause irritability, bad and sleeping disorders in infants.In view of these concerns, a wise approach is advised. "
- Australia: Total retention is recommended
- Iceland: Total abstinence is recommended because there is no safe consumption level.
- New Zealand: Abstinence is recommended, especially in the first month of breastfeeding so that a healthy breastfeeding pattern can be established.
- United Kingdom: Total restrictions suggested by some, such as the Royal College of Midwives; others recommend limiting alcohol for occasional use in small amounts, not exceeding the maximum amount recommended for women who are not breastfeeding because this is known to cause harm, and that daily drinking or partying can be avoided.
Minors
Countries have different recommendations on alcohol administration for minors by adults.
- England: Children under 15 should not be given alcohol, even in small quantities. Children aged 15-17 should not be given alcohol more than one day a week - and then only under the supervision of a caregiver or parent.
See also
- Alcohol equality
- Standard Drink
- Unit of alcohol
References
Explanation notes
Quotes
External links
- National Health and Medical Research Council (February 2009). Australian Guidelines for Reducing Health Risks from Drinking Alcohol (PDF) . The Commonwealth of Australia. ISBN: 1864963743.
- The Intensive Breastfeeding Alcohol and Breastfeeding page illustrates the pros and cons of drinking alcohol while breastfeeding.
- Drinking Guides: Population by Country IARD.org
- Guidelines for Drinking: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding by IARD.org Country
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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