The Indian gold oriole ( Oriolus kundoo ) is an oriole species found in the Indian subcontinent and Central Asia. This species was previously considered a subspecies of the Eurasian gold oriole, but is now considered a full species. Adults can be told apart from Eurasia gold oriole by black from the eye line that extends behind the eyes.
Video Indian golden oriole
Taxonomy and systematics
The Indian golden Oriola was described by the English naturalist William Henry Sykes in 1832 and was given the binomial name Oriolus kundoo . Although originally described as a separate species, the Indian gold oriole is usually treated as a subspecies of the Eurasian gold oriole. In 2005, ornithologists Pamela Rasmussen and John Anderton at Birds of South Asia decided to treat both varieties as separate species based on morphological differences, feathers, calls and the fact that the two varieties did not intervert. Support for the split was provided by the study of molecular phylogenetics published in 2010, and most ornithologists now treat the oriole of Indian gold as a separate species. The race of baltistanicus judged by Charles Vaurie is indistinguishable from the nominating subspecies and the Indian golden oriole is considered monotypic.
Maps Indian golden oriole
Description
The Indian gold orientola is very similar to the Eurasian gold butiole but has more yellow color in the tail and has a pale red color on the iris and bill. Males have black eye lines stretched behind the eyes, large carpal patches on the wings and wide yellow ends to secondary and tertiary. The lines on the lower part of the female are sharper than in the females of the Eurasian gold oriole. The European species is larger with wingspan of 149-162 mm in adult males compared to 136-144 mm at O. kundoo . The wing formula is also different from the primary 2 is longer than 5 in O. oriolus while the primary 5 is longer than 2 in O. kundoo .
Distribution and habitat
This Oriole breeds from Baluchistan and Afghanistan along the Himalayas to Nepal. Some populations breed in the peninsula but are very local. Winter of northern populations in southern India, with some winter birds in Sri Lanka. The population that occurred in the Maldives and the Andaman Islands has not been carefully examined.
Indian golden Oriolas inhabit a variety of habitats including open deciduous forests, semi-green forests, forests, forest edges, mangrove forests, open country with scattered trees, gardens, garden orchards and plantations.
Behavior and ecology
Their flights are dipping but strong and have been recorded at around 40 km/h. They sometimes bathe by repeatedly flying into a small pool of water. Someone who rang in Gujarat was found in Tajikistan more than nine years later.
Breeding
Indian golden orientation is a partial migrant. It breeds in Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent. The Indian population is largely populated while other populations migrate. The breeding season is April to August, the nest being a small cup placed in a branch near the end of the branch. The nest is often built around black drongo nests. Two or three white eggs with reddish, brown and black spots form a distinctive clutch. Both parents took part in the nest and parent care, defending the nest against annoying birds such as shikras and ravens.
Food and eating
Orioles eat fruits, nectar and insects. They are capable of spreading the seeds of many berry-bearing plants including the invasive Lantana camara . An oriole has been recorded preying on a southern flying lizard.
Threat
The protozoan blood parasite, Haemoproteus orioli , described from this species has been suggested to occur in many species of oriole but may represent different lineages.
References
External links
- Photos, videos and sound recordings
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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