Pipe fittings are exchange devices that can be connected to piping systems to send and drain water.
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Supply
The most common pipe fittings are:
- Bathtub
- Bidet
- Drain channels
- Drinking fountains
- Hose bib (connection for water hose)
- Circulars storage
- Kitchen sink
- Lavatories
- Rain Showers
- Pipe
- Tapware - an industrial term for a sub-category of pipe fittings consisting of a tap valve, also called a water faucet (English English) or faucet (American English), and its accessories, such as water spouts and a shower head.
- Terminal valves for dishwashers, ice makers, humidifiers, etc.
- Urinal
- Utility buffer
- Water closets (WC) (known as toilets in the US, toilets, flushing toilets or toilets in the UK)
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Each of these plumbing fixtures has one or more drains and sewers. In some cases, the channel has a device that can be manipulated to block channels to fill the equipment basin. Each fixture also has rainbow flood , or the rate at which water will begin to overflow. Most equipment also has an overflow, which is a drainage that must be disposed of, when a regular drain is plugged in, before the water is completely overflowed at the level of flood height. However, the water and shower cabinets (which are not in the bathtub) usually lack this feature because their drains are usually unstoppable.
Each fixture usually has a distinctive connection. The normal pipe practice is to install valves on each water supply channel before the fixture, and this is most commonly referred to as the stop service or the service valve. Water supply to some places only cold water (such as water closets and urinals). Most utensils also have hot water supplies. In some cases, the sink may have a supply of drinking water and can not be drunk.
Toilets and water closets are usually connected to a water supply by using supply , which is a tube, usually of nominal 3/8 in (USA) or 10 or 12 mm diameter (Europe and Middle East), connecting supply water to the fixture, sometimes through a flexible hose (braided). For the water closet, the tube usually ends with a flat neoprene washer that tightens the joint, while for the lavator, the supply usually ends with a cone-shaped neoprene washer. Kitchen sinks, tubs and showers usually have a supply tube built into their valve which is then soldered or 'fast-connect' directly to the water supply pipe.
Water channel
The actual initial drain part in the washroom or sink is referred to as a sieve . If there is a removable strainer tool that fits with a fixed filter, this is referred to as a basket filter . The initial pipe that leads from the filter to the trap is called the tailpiece .
Closet cupboard mounted on the floor on the toilet flange from the sewer pipe using a wax ring. This is traditionally made from beeswax. However, proper sealing depends on the proper seating of the water closet, on a firm and secure base (floor), and on the proper installation of the cabinet bolt securing the cabinet to the flanges, which in turn should be securely fastened to the floor.
Traps and ventilation
All the plumbing fixtures have traps in their drains; these traps are both internal and external for fixtures. The trap is a curved pipe down and back up; they 'trap' a small amount of water to make a water seal between the ambient air space and the interior of the exhaust system. This prevents exhaust gas from entering the building.
Most water closets, bidets, and many urinals have an inseparable trap with the equipment itself. The water surface seen in the toilet is the top of the water trap seal.
Each discharge channel, with the exception, must be discarded so that negative air pressure in the drain can not suck a dry trap, to prevent positive air pressure in the exhaust from forcing the gas through the water seal, and to prevent the explosive drainage gas buildup.
Garbage disposal
The garbage disposal was discovered in 1927 by architect John Hammes of Racine, WI. He then found InSinkErator, which is still working to make millions of garbage collectors a year. The function of the waste disposer is to grind the rest of the food (eg chicken bone, fruit, coffee grinds, meat) so that it can be lowered the standard household pipes without clogging. This device works by installing a small space under the sink drain. This space contains a rotating knife and grinding wheels that cut and grind the waste into smaller particles. After the food was small enough to get out of this room, it flushed the rest of the pipe.
In much of Europe, waste disposers are not used at all; High loads of organic matter in wastewater require a higher capacity sewage treatment plant, since an increase in organic matter requires additional oxygen and water to be processed. Instead, waste is separated at the source, into garbage and other types of garbage and collected. Similarly, in the United States there are some political and environmental issues with trash disposers. For years, New York City banned its use. The stated reason is the increase in waste processing capacity mentioned above, but many residents also suspect that unions do not want the work to be taken away from them. The ban was canceled on September 11, 1997.
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Electronic pipeline
At public facilities, the trend is on sensors (automatic) equipment that improves cleanliness and saves money. For example, sensors operated with automatic flush-urine have fewer moving parts, reduced wear and tends to last longer than manual-flush valves. Also they make sure the fixtures are flushed only once per use. Some contain intelligence that flushed them at different amounts of water flow depending on traffic patterns: for example, equipment can detect user rows and only give full flush after last person has used urinal. For the same purpose, dual-flush toilets are also becoming more popular. The combination of both technologies can enable power and water stored.
Automatic flush compensates users who do not bother to flush. Also, because the equipment is always flushed, there is no need for urinal cake, or any other odor reduction. The toilets that are operated by the sensor also have an automatic flush. Sensor-operated faucets and showers save water. For example, when a user gathers with soap, the equipment closes and then resumes when the user needs it. Sensor-operated soaps and shampoo dispensers reduce waste and spillage that may be a slipping hazard.
However, many people, especially children, do not like or even fear the automatic flush toilet, as they have a tendency to flush without warning, even when the user is still sitting on the toilet. Some parents start tracking public bathrooms that have manual flush toilets, or even carry post-it notes or other devices with them to temporarily disable the automatic flush sensor.
This equipment is usually more expensive to install than conventional plumbing equipment, as it requires the services (or attendance) of licensed plumber and licensed electricians. Construction companies on cost-plus contracts may actually like this equipment for this reason, even if their clients do not. The additional complexity of this equipment also complicates repairs, especially the diagnosis of malfunctions leading to unexpected rinsing. Some electricians, and fewer plumbers, understand microelectronics well enough for complex diagnosis.
Standardization
Some of the most widely used Standards for pipe fittings and accessories located between supply termination and terminal fitting areas are:
- A112.18.1 Standard Equipment Supplies of Pipes, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
- A112.18.2 Standard Equipment Waste Pipeline, American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME)
See also
- Automatic balancing valve
- Domestic water system
- Pipe
- Drainage pipeline
- Trap (pipeline)
- Flushing trough
References
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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